project on antacids

1. JAWAHARNAVODAYAVIDYALAYA
Galibeedu,kodagu
CHEMISTRY
PROJECTREPORT
2016-2017

2. JAWAHARNAVODAYAVIDYALAYA
Galibeedu,kodagu
CERTIFICATE
Thisiscertifythatthisbonafideprojectworkinthe
subjectofCHEMISTRYhasbeendonebyTHRISHUL
A.L ofclassXIIScienceintheacademicyear2016-17
andsubmittedtoA.I.S.S.C.E.practicalExamination
conductedbyC.B.S.E.at JawaharNavodayaVidyalaya,
Galibeedu,Kodagu.

3. INTERNAL EXAMINER TEACHER
INCHARGE
EXTERNAL EXAMINER PRINCIPAL
JAWAHARNAVODAYAVIDYALAYA
Galibeedu,kodagu
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I hereby acknowledge my deep sense of gratitude
and indebtednesstothefollowing Personalitieswhose

4. immense help, genius guidance encouragement,
necessary suggestions, initiation enthusiasm and
inspiration made this work a master art and a joint
enterprise.
Mr.VinayNithyananda PGTchemistry
Mr.P.M.Isaac Principal
AIM:

5. ToDetermine
thestrongest
Antacid
INDEX
 Objective

6.  Introduction
 Acids
 Somefoodscontainingacids
 Antacid
 Actionmechanism
 Indication
 SideEffects
 Problemswithreducedstomach
acidity
 ExperimentDesign
 MaterialRequired
 Procedure
 ObservationAndCalculation
 Result

7.  Precautions
 Bibliography
OBJECTIVE
Thepurpose ofthisexperimentwas
todeterminewhichantacidcould neutralize
themost stomach acid. Ibecame interestedin
thisideawhenI sawsome experimentson
medicinesandwantedtofindoutsome
scientificfactsaboutmedicines.
Theinformationgainedfromthisexperiment
willhelp people knowwhichantacidthey

8. shouldlookforin thestores.Itwillalso let
themknowwhich
antacidwillgivethemthemostcomfort. This
could alsosave consumers moneyand
provide betterhealth.
INTRODUCTION
Digestioninthestomach resultsfrom the
actionofgastricfluid, whichincludes
secretionsofdigestiveenzymes,mucous, and
hydrochloricacid.

9. Theacidicenvironmentof thestomach
makesitpossible forinactiveforms of
digestiveenzymestobe convertedintoactive
forms (i.e.pepsinogenintopepsin),andacidis
also neededtodissolve mineralsandkill
bacteriathatmay enterthestomachalong
withfood.
However,excessiveacidproduction
(hyperacidity)resultsintheunpleasant
symptoms ofheartburnandmaycontribute
toulcerformationinthestomachlining.
Antacidsareweakbases (mostcommonly
bicarbonates,hydroxides,andcarbonates)
thatneutralizeexcessstomach acidandthus

10. alleviatesymptoms of heartburn.Thegeneral
neutralizationreactionis:
Antacid(weakbase)+HCl(stomachacid)—›
salts+H2O+CO2.
Thehydrochloricacidsolutionusedinthis
experiment(0.1M)approximatestheacid
conditionsof thehumanstomach,whichis
typically 0.4 to0.5% HCl by mass (pH~
1).
Antacidshelppeople whohaveorget
heartburn.Thefollowinginformationwill
helppeople understandhowstomachacid
works
andwhatantacidwillhelpthosemost.

11. STOMACHACID
Stomachacidisverydangerous.Ifa person
wastohaveanulcerandthestomach acid
wastoescapeitwouldirritatetheirother
organs.
StomachacidishighlyacidicandhasapH of
1.6.Stomach acidishydrochloric acid
produced bythestomach.Ifthereistoomuch
stomachaciditcancause heartburn.
Heartburniswhenstomach acidisproduced
inabnormalamountsorlocation.One ofthe

12. symptoms ofheartburnisaburningfeeling in
thechest orabdomen.
ANTACID
An antacidisany substancethatcanneutralize an
acid.Allantacidsarebases.Abaseis anysubstancethat
canneutralize anacid.ThepHof abaseis 7.1-14(above
7).All antacidshavechemicalinthemcalled abuffer.

13. Whenanantacidis mixed withanacidthebuffertries
toevenouttheacidityand thatishowstomachacid
getsneutralized.Inanantacid it isnotthenamebrand
thattellshowwellit worksitis somethingcalledan
activeingredient.Not allantacidshaveadifferent
activeingredient.Somehaveoneofthesameactive
ingredientsand somehaveallofthesameactive
ingredients.Almost alltheantacidsthathavethesame
activeingredient workthesameamount astheother.
Theactiveingredient ofmostof theantacidsisbasesof
calcium,magnesium, aluminium
.
ACTION&MECHANISM
Antacidsperform neutralizationreaction,i.e.
theybuffergastricacid, raisingthepH to
reduce acidityin thestomach.Whengastric
hydrochloricacidreachesthenervesinthe

14. gastrointestinalmucosa,theysignalpainto
thecentralnervoussystem.Thishappens
whenthesenervesareexposed,as inpeptic
ulcers. Thegastricacidmay also reachulcers
intheesophagusortheduodenum. Other
mechanismsmay contribute,suchasthe
effectofaluminiumions inhibitingsmooth
muscle cellcontractionanddelayinggastric
emptying.Antacidsarecommonly usedto
helpneutralizestomachacid.Antacidsare
baseswithapHabove7.0 thatchemically
reactwithacidstoneutralizethem.The
actionofantacidsisbasedonthefact thata
basereactswithacidtoform saltandwater.

15. MATERIALREQUIRED
 Burette
 Pipette
 titration flask
 measuring flask
 beaker
 weighing machine
 concentrated sulphuric acid
 methyl orange
 antacid samples.

16. PROCEDURE
 Prepare half litre of N/10HCl solution by
diluting 10ml of the concentrated acid to 1
litre.
 Similarly make 1lof approximately N/10
NaOH solution bydissolving 4gmof NaOH
to prepare 1lof solution.
 Prepare N/10sodium carbonate solution by
weighing exactly 1.325gof anhydrous
sodium carbonate and then dissolving it in
water to prepare exactly 0.25litre of solution.

17.  Standardize the HCl solution by titrating it
against the standard sodium carbonate
solution using methyl orange as indicator.
 Similarly standardise NaOH solution by
titrating it against the standardized HCl
solution using methyl orange as indicator.
 Powder the various sample of antacids tablets
and weigh 10mg of each.
 Take 20ml ofstandardized HCl solution in
the conical flask; addthe weighed samples to
it.
 Addtwo drops of methyl orange and warm
the flask tillmost of the powder dissolves.
Filter off the insoluble material.

18.  Titrate the solution against the standardized
Na2CO3 solution tilla permanent red tinge
appears.
 Note the amount ofbase used for titration
and note the reduction in the amount of base
used.
OBSERVATIONS &CALCULATIONS
1.StandardizationofHClsolution

19. Volume of N/10sodium carbonatesolution taken—20.0ml
Concordant reading= 2 ml
Applyingnormalityequation
N1V1(acid)=N2V2(base)
N1 (2 )= (1/10 )×10
S.
No.
Initialburette
reading
Finalburette
reading
Volumeofacid
used(inml)
1. 50 48 2
2. 48 46 2
3. 48 46 2

20. Normalityof HCl solution,N1 = 0.5N
2StandardizedNaOHsolutionused
VolumeofNaOHtaken= 10 ml
S.No Initialburette
Reading
Final burette
reading
Volume ofHCl
used (inml)
1. 50 5 45
2. 50 5 45
3. 50 5 45
.
Concordantreading= 45 ml
Applyingnormalityequation
N1V1(acid)=N2V2(base)

21. 0.5(45)=N2×10
NormalityofNaOHsolution,N2 = 2.25N
3.Analysis ofantacid tablets
Weight of the antacid tablet powder=250mg
Volume of HCl solution added=20ml
S.No Antacid Volumeof VolumeofHClsolution

22. NaOHsolution
usedfor
neutralizingHCl
(inml)
usedforneutralizing
250mgofantacid
matter (inml)
1. GELUSIL 65 90
2. PANTOP 58 100
3. OMEPREZOL 40 120
4. RANTAC 120 40
5. ACILOC 110 60
6. FAMOTIDENE 100 80
RESULT

23. The most effectiveantacid out ofthe
taken samples is - OMEPREZOL
PRECAUTION

24.  All apparatusshouldbeclean andwashed
properly.
 Buretteandpipettemustberinsedwith
therespectivesolutiontobeputinthem.
 Airbubblesmust beremoved fromthe
buretteandjet.
 Lastdropfromthepipetteshouldnotbe
removedby blowing.
 Theflask shouldnotberinsedwithanyof
thesolution,whichare beingtitrated.

25. Bibliography
 Wikipedia-thefreeencyclopedia
 Website: http://www.icbse.com
 www.google.co.in