1. The document is an answer book for an online examination in veterinary helminthology. It provides guidelines for students such as using a 12-point font and submitting answers in PDF format. 2. The first question is answered over 3 pages providing details on the causes, transmission, symptoms, and prevention of helminth infections in livestock. 3. The second question covers the characteristics of different parasite phyla (cestodes, trematodes, nematodes) in a table format. 4. The third question discusses the life cycle and symptoms of Echinococcus granulosus which can cause hydatid cysts in humans through ingestion of eggs from infected animal meat.

1. DepartmentofParasitology
AnswerBookforOnlineExamination
ExamType:OpenBookExam(Timed
RegistrationNo.: 2k18-_Av_-91_
Semester/Term: 4th
Semester
CourseTitle: Vety:Helminthology
CourseCode: Para-202
Batch: 2K18
Theory/Practical: Theory
StudyProgram: DVM
StartingDate/Time:08-12-2020,9:00A.M
ClosingDate/Time:09-12-2020,9:00A.M
TimeSlot: 24Hours
Note:
- UseFontsize->12forheadings,11forAnswers
- “Saveas”theanswerbookfileinPDFandthensubmitthefilethrough
MSTeamsAssignmentSubmissionOptionwithintheallowedtime
slot.
- Thereisnolimitofpagesforanyquestions.
- Attempteveryquestiononseparatepage.

2. Page|1
AnswertoQuestion#1:
ItcausegreatproblemsintheLivestockfieldandalsoCreateadisturbanceinthe
GrowthproductionandfertilityofAnimal
HelmithcauseProblemstotheHealthofLivestocksuchasAbdominalpainDiarrhea
FatigueHungerLackofappetiteNauseaPassingtapewormsegmentsinthestool
WeightlossHeliminthCancausetheReductionintheProductionofMilkandEfficency
ofAnimalandAnimalgetweekevenDie
HelminthseasionallyOccursanddestroytheHerdscausingzoonoticdisesesaswell
B)
TransmissionoftheParsitetotheHostare
TicksMitesandothervectorsincludingbiologicalaswellMechanical
ContaminatedFoodandWatersoilandpoorsenitary
ContactwithAnimalcantransmittheinfection
C)
preventionfromTheParasiteinfection:
WeshouldavoidcontaminatedFoodandWater
useproperDrainagesystems
ApplyDewormerstoAnimal

3. Page|2
D)
AveterinanrianisresponsiblenotforjustAnimalhealthbutheisalsokeepingviewin
theZoonoticinfectiontothehumansHeisprovidinginformationtotheownerregarding
wormsandtheresafety
AveterinarianisplayapivotalroleintheProductionofAnimals
HeisusinghistechniquestodeveloptheAnimalimmunesystemtofoghtwiththe
worms

4. Page|3
AnswertoQuestion#2:
Sourceof
trnsmission
Disseaseand
symptoms
control
Cestode
Monieza
expansa
EmbroynatedEgg
ingestionfrom
feaces
Intestinalwall
extermpharais
Neucroiswalkingin
circle,spasms
Gravidprolglottidin
feces,
Preziquental
Albendazole
Cestode
D.caninum
Faces
contaiminated
eggs
Severeinfectionscan
exhibit:•Abdominal
pain•Diarrhea•Itchy
anus•Urticaria•Red
rashExtremelyitchy•
Causedbybody’s
allergicreactionto
wormantibodies
Toleratedwellinbothpets
andhumans•
Humans=oral
Pets=injection•
Candissolvewormsoitmay
notbeseeninstool
Cestode
Diphyllobothrium
latum
uncookedfish SeverevitaminB12
deficiency,intestinal
obstruction,
cholecystitis.
Preziquental
Albendazole
Trematodes
FASCIOLA
HEPATICA
Snail Intermittentright
upperquadrantpain
Enlarged,tenderliver
Diarrhea
Eosinophilia
Dietarypracticesthat
includetheconsumptionof
raw,untreatedaquatic
vegetation.
Trematodes
Schistosomiasis
IntermediaeHost cough
diarrhoea
muscleandjointpain
abdominalpain
Voidwatercontact
Trematodes

5. Page|4
Nematodes
DRACUNCULUS
MEDINENSIS
SWALLOWING
INFECTED
CYCLOPS
NAUSEA,VOMITING,
ERYTHEMA,
URTICARIALRASH&
PRURITIS
FILTERINGORBOILING
DRINKINGWATER
•PREVENTINGTHE
INFECTEDPERSONFROM
WATERSOURSE
•CYCLOPSAREKILLEDBY
INSECTICIDES
•USINGTUBEWELLS
Nematodes
S.stercoralis
contaminated
soiland
recreational
activities.Children
highlyaffectedto
badsanitation
Cough,diarrhea
Eosinophilic
pneumonitis(during
larvaemigration
throughthelungs)
Nausea,vomiting
weightloss.
Ivermectin.Tthiabendazole.
Nematodes
LOALOA
Humansare
infectedbythe
biteof
deerfly(mango
fly),
Loiasis Diethylcarbamazi
neeliminatesthe
microfilariae&
maykilladults.

6. Page|5
AnswertoQuestion#3:
Cestode Trematodes Nematodes
Shape Taplike
segmented
leaflike
unsegmented
cylindricle
unsegmented
sexes sexesarenot
seprated
Monocious
Hermphrodite
sexesarenot
seprated
Monocious
sexesare
seprate
Dicious
Alimentary
canal
Absent Prenent Present
Headand
End
suckeroften
withhooks
sukkursno
hooks
Nosuckerno
hooks
2
Echinococcosisinhumanscausesazoonoticinfectioncausedbymetacestodes
Hydatiddisease.
Echinococcusmultiloculariscausesalveolarhydatiddisease.Echinococcusvogelior
Echinococcusoligarthrusisthe causeofpolycystichydatiddisease,adiseasewith
featuressimilartothoseofalveolarhydatiddisease.

7. Page|6
3
Theadultcestodeliveincarnivores,intestine.
Theadulttapewormseggsandgravidproglotids,whichcanbefoundinthehost'sstool.
Intermediatehostsbecomeinfectedwhentheyswallowtheseimmediatelyinfective
eggs. Theyarethencarriedbythebloodincapillariesatalmostany organ.
Theypassthroughthehepaticcirculation,andinthelung,theothersgainaccesstothe
systemiccirculation.
TheembryosofEchinococcusgranulosusthatsurvivedevelopintohydatidcysts
containingnumerousscolices.
Cystsofechinococcosisoccurmorefrequentlyintheliverorinthelung.
4
infectedanimalsoftenlyslaghteredatslaughteringHouseswithoutanyexaminationno
propercheakupupofphysicallyAnimalisexaminedandinfectedanimalwithdiseseis
slaughteredandsoldwhenpeoplesgetandconsumethismeattheygetinfectioninthis
wayslaughterhousesisspreedinginfection
whileiffullprotocolandethicsarefollowedthenoinfectionoccur
i.eGoodHygienenviromentandneatandclean

8. Page|7
AnswertoQuestion#4:
1
Teaniasaginata
2
Africa,Middle-East,CentralandSouthernAmerican,EuropeandAsia
3
chronicindigestion,anaemiaandintestinaldisorders,suchasdiarrhoeaalternatingwith
constipation
4
commoninregionswherecattlesareraisedandBeefisuseduncookedandalsoPork
cosumedcountries
5
praziquantel,asingledoeafterbreakfast
Itiseffectiveagainstadulttapeworminasingledoseandkillscysticerciinhighdose
Niclosamideasingledoseinthemorninginemptystomachiseffective

9. Page|8
6
praziquantel
Nuclosomide
7
byeatingpropercockedMeatandavoiduncookedfood
Properdrainage.Neatandclean
8
Teanaisiscannotaffectpersontopersonifinfectedpersonisgettingtreatment
properlybecauseitsspreedthroughIntermediateHost
9
infectedCatordogisdiagnosethecatordogcanpassesharmfulleggsinthierfeacesso
teaniasiscanbespreed.