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Mind the Gap: Design 
versus 
“As Built” Performance 
Tim Fenn 
I-RIM 
Conference
Predicted Annual Energy Costs 
100m2 House UK 2013 
I-RIM 
Conference 
Annual Predicted Energy Cost: Gas & Electric 
Victorian House 1990's House Passivhaus 
Electricity £600 £600 £463 
Lighting £104 £104 £10 
Hot Water £340 £340 £170 
Heating £1,000 £520 £60 
Total £2,045 £1,565 £703
Annual Heating Demand 
I-RIM 
Conference 
250KWh/m2/yr 130KWh/m2/yr 15KWh/m2/yr 
Victorian House 1990's House Passivhaus 
£4,000 
£3,500 
£3,000 
£2,500 
£2,000 
£1,500 
£1,000 
£500 
£0 
Gas 0.04 £1,000 £520 £60 
Oil 0.05 £1,250 £650 £75 
Electric 0.15 £3,750 £1,950 £225 
Annual Cost £ 
Annual Heating Cost (100m² house)
Annual Hot Water Demand 
CostKWh £ Annual £ Annual £ 
8500 KWh/yr 4250 KWh/yr 
Victorian House Low Energy House 
I-RIM 
Conference 
£1,400 
£1,200 
£1,000 
£800 
£600 
£400 
£200 
£0 
Hot Water Gas 0.04 £340 £170 
Hot Water Oil 0.05 £425 £213 
Hot Water Electricity 0.15 £1,275 £638 
Annual cost £ 
Annual Hot Water Demand and Cost
Variation in Performance: Germany 
I-RIM 
Conference
Target Killers: 
I-RIM 
Conference 
• What can you achieve with what building? 
• How much do you want/can afford to spend? & 
remember 1st 50% easy. 
• What planners/conservation officers will allow? 
• What your neighbours will allow or not do? 
• Site constraints?
Target Killer: Building Envelop 
I-RIM 
Conference 
• Insulation installation The GAP! 
• Piercing vapour barrier 
• Insulating pipework & thermal stores 
• Pipework runs 
• Incorrect materials
Target Killer: Materials 
I-RIM 
Conference 
• Wet insulation will not perform! 
• Deterioration in insulation performance over 
time? 
• Durability of tapes? 
• Wet building may take time to perform to its 
design spec?
Software Limitations 
I-RIM 
Conference 
In both SAP & PHPP 
• Sunspaces ignored 
• Radiant barriers ignored 
•Thermal mass? 
•Air leakage?
SAP VS PHPP 
I-RIM 
Conference 
6000 
5000 
4000 
3000 
2000 
1000 
0 
November December January February 
kWh 
Total Energy Consumption at Bakers Shaw 
PHPP 
Actual 
SAP
Hemcrete/Airflex Test Building 
I-RIM 
Conference
Hemcrete/Airflex Test Building 
I-RIM 
Conference
Wall Section and U Value 
I-RIM 
Conference
Wall Temperature Gradient 
I-RIM 
Conference 
25 
20 
15 
10 
5 
0 
Inside 
Foil Front 
Foil Back 
Hemp 
Green Wall 
Outside 
3rd Feb 11th Feb 
February Average 
Temperatures 
Benson
Conclusions 
I-RIM 
Conference 
• Vapour barrierreflective foil (if installed 
correctly!) adds significant improvement to 
building envelop performance better than 
predicted via software 
• Vapour barrier/reflective foil leads to highest 
levels of air-tightness in otherwise leaky buildings 
• UK needs more in situ research to understand 
gaps in performance
I-RIM 
Conference 
2014 
Questions?
Thank you! 
800/279-4123 
www.rimainternational.org

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Tim Fenn RIMA International Conference invited presentation 2014

  • 1.
  • 2. Mind the Gap: Design versus “As Built” Performance Tim Fenn I-RIM Conference
  • 3. Predicted Annual Energy Costs 100m2 House UK 2013 I-RIM Conference Annual Predicted Energy Cost: Gas & Electric Victorian House 1990's House Passivhaus Electricity £600 £600 £463 Lighting £104 £104 £10 Hot Water £340 £340 £170 Heating £1,000 £520 £60 Total £2,045 £1,565 £703
  • 4. Annual Heating Demand I-RIM Conference 250KWh/m2/yr 130KWh/m2/yr 15KWh/m2/yr Victorian House 1990's House Passivhaus £4,000 £3,500 £3,000 £2,500 £2,000 £1,500 £1,000 £500 £0 Gas 0.04 £1,000 £520 £60 Oil 0.05 £1,250 £650 £75 Electric 0.15 £3,750 £1,950 £225 Annual Cost £ Annual Heating Cost (100m² house)
  • 5. Annual Hot Water Demand CostKWh £ Annual £ Annual £ 8500 KWh/yr 4250 KWh/yr Victorian House Low Energy House I-RIM Conference £1,400 £1,200 £1,000 £800 £600 £400 £200 £0 Hot Water Gas 0.04 £340 £170 Hot Water Oil 0.05 £425 £213 Hot Water Electricity 0.15 £1,275 £638 Annual cost £ Annual Hot Water Demand and Cost
  • 6. Variation in Performance: Germany I-RIM Conference
  • 7. Target Killers: I-RIM Conference • What can you achieve with what building? • How much do you want/can afford to spend? & remember 1st 50% easy. • What planners/conservation officers will allow? • What your neighbours will allow or not do? • Site constraints?
  • 8. Target Killer: Building Envelop I-RIM Conference • Insulation installation The GAP! • Piercing vapour barrier • Insulating pipework & thermal stores • Pipework runs • Incorrect materials
  • 9. Target Killer: Materials I-RIM Conference • Wet insulation will not perform! • Deterioration in insulation performance over time? • Durability of tapes? • Wet building may take time to perform to its design spec?
  • 10. Software Limitations I-RIM Conference In both SAP & PHPP • Sunspaces ignored • Radiant barriers ignored •Thermal mass? •Air leakage?
  • 11. SAP VS PHPP I-RIM Conference 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 November December January February kWh Total Energy Consumption at Bakers Shaw PHPP Actual SAP
  • 12. Hemcrete/Airflex Test Building I-RIM Conference
  • 13. Hemcrete/Airflex Test Building I-RIM Conference
  • 14. Wall Section and U Value I-RIM Conference
  • 15. Wall Temperature Gradient I-RIM Conference 25 20 15 10 5 0 Inside Foil Front Foil Back Hemp Green Wall Outside 3rd Feb 11th Feb February Average Temperatures Benson
  • 16. Conclusions I-RIM Conference • Vapour barrierreflective foil (if installed correctly!) adds significant improvement to building envelop performance better than predicted via software • Vapour barrier/reflective foil leads to highest levels of air-tightness in otherwise leaky buildings • UK needs more in situ research to understand gaps in performance
  • 17. I-RIM Conference 2014 Questions?
  • 18. Thank you! 800/279-4123 www.rimainternational.org