1) The document discusses word formation in English through prefixes, suffixes, and compounding. It provides examples of common prefixes and suffixes and how they can change the meaning of words. 2) Prefixes are added before root words and can indicate negative meanings, numbers, or directions. Examples of prefixes and their meanings are given. 3) Suffixes are added after root words to form new words by changing word classes or adding specific meanings. Noun, verb, and adjective suffixes are outlined.

1. Word formation Mari Tagel Tiina Lind 12a

2. Word- class es Abstract noun Personal noun Verb Adjective Adverb

3. Prefixes Syllables added before certain word. Meaning of new word depends on prefix. Often used to give adjective a negative or an opposite meaning. All prefixes are derivational.

5. Negative meaning prefixes ex-husband, ex-boss, ex-colleague former ex- disloyal, disagree, disconnect, disinformation, not, get rid of, opposite of dis- Defrost, depoliticize reverse action, get rid of de- antisocial, antibiotic, anti-war against anti- Examples Meaning Prefix

6. nonhuman, nonexistent not non- misinformation, misguide, mishear wrong, astray mis- malnourish, malfunction,maltreat bad(ly) mal- Inexact, illogical, impossible, irregular not, opposite of in-/il-/im-/ir-

7. withstand against with- undo, untie reverse action, deprive of, release from un- unnecessary, unequal not, opposite of un-

8. Number suffixes homosexual, homophobic same homo- multi-storey many multi- monogamy, monorail one, solo, only mono- biannual, bicycle/ twibill, twilight two bi-/twi-

9. Other English suffixes empower, enmesh to make into, to put into, to get into en-/em- co-worker, cooperation joint, with, accompanying co- afloat, atremble verb > predicative adjective with progressive aspect a- asexual, anemic lacking in, lack of a-/an-

10. post-election, post-graduation after post- overreact, overact, overrated too much over- outreach, outcome better, faster, longer, beyond out- minimarket, mini-room small mini-

11. stepbrother family relation by remarriage step- self-sufficient self self- rerun, rewrite again, back re- pro-life for, on the side of pro- pre-election, pre-enter before pre-

12. hypermarket, hyperthermia extra specially, over, high hyper- forerunner, before fore- superpower, supernatural over, above, more than, better super- sub-zero under, lower than, less than sub-

13. vice-president, vice-principal deputy vice- underground, underpass below, beneath, lower in grade/dignity under- ultraviolet, ultramagnetic beyond, extremely ultra- transatlantic across, from one place to another trans-

14. Some new preffiexes Afro- Afro -American auto- auto matic bio- bio degrade demi- demi god demo- demo graphy eco- eco system Euro- Euro centric geo- geog raphy

15. hydro- hydro electricity in- in sert iso- iso chromatic micro- micro bacillus neo- neo lithic pro- pro consul retro- retro grade sur- sur real, sur render tele- tele vision

16. Suffixes Syllables which are added in the end of the word Changes meaning of word

17. Noun referring to people Verb + -er writ er ; teach er -or sail or ; -ee begg ar -ant contestant -ent student -ee trainee Noun -an republican -ian librarian Noun/verb/adjectiv + -ist tour ist ;national ist

18. Nouns formed from verbs -age packa ge -al refus al -ance accept ance -ation realis ation -ence differ ence -ion revis ion -ment enjoy ment -sion comprehen sion -sis hypno sis -tion prescrip tion

19. Nouns formed from adjectives -ance import ance -cy vacan cy -ence compet ence -ion Desolat ion -ness loneli ness -ity fomal ity -ty loyali ty -y modest y

20. Adjectives formed from nouns -ous fam ous -al addition al -ic hero ic -ive expenc ive -ful care ful -less care less -y health y -ly friend ly

21. Adjectives formed from verbs -able like able -ible defens ible -ive conclus ive

22. Verbs formed from adjectives -en light en -ise legal ise -ize organ ize

23. References En.wikipedia.org Grammarway 4 http://www.slideshare.net/teflang/word-formation-in-english/

24. Have a nice day