Confucius divided society into three classes: saints who were born with knowledge, gentlemen who were educated, and farmers/workers who were managed. Confucius believed managers should have benevolence, wisdom, and courage, and emphasized the relationship between managers and those managed. Confucius' management methods included leading by example and teaching others through advice rather than commands. Studying Confucius' views on education is important as societies enter an age of science and technology, and his management views helped lay the foundation for future national development.
2. Question 1:
Confucius' management point of view is:
+ Confucius divided people in society into 3 basic categories:
- The first class did not study, was born with knowledge. These are the noblest
people in the world and are classified as saints.
- The second class is those who are educated. Those are the gentleman people,
that is, the scholar and the subject of management.
- The third class is the pioneers (farmers) and management objects.
Confucius believes that a manager should have three basic virtues: benevolence,
wisdom, and courage. The person who meets these 3 virtues is worthy of the
mission of ruling the country and making peace with the world.
Confucius attaches great importance to the relationship between the subject and the
management object. This relationship is bound by ceremony and meaning.
- Concept of management method:
Modeling method: is a basic and important management method. A gentleman
must not seek fame or gain for himself, but must always examine himself in 9
aspects. Managers must cultivate themselves, must train themselves according to
the Nine Sutras to become a shining example of morality for followers.
+ Method of teaching: Confucius opposed the method of using commands and
emphasized the method of teaching. The authorities should appoint good and
talented people, and the weak should teach them. Thus, people advise each other to
do good, to be happy with what is good.
3. - Currently, when the door of the knowledge economy is opening to direct
mankind into the era of science and technology, it is very necessary to study
Confucius' educational views. No nation can develop when they disregard their
own traditions, Confucius' management views set the stage for the future
development of the country.
4. Question2:
- Taylor's basic management concept: work planning and checking and controlling.
Work planning: is the process of setting goals and determining the best
way to accomplish those goals.
+ check and control: the process of determining actual achievements and
comparing them with standards in order to detect deviations and the causes of
deviations, on that basis, take measures to correct deviations. to ensure that the
organization achieves its goals.
- This theory has had a great application to the private sector in our country
today, which is the meticulous division of labor, dividing work into parts, each
division is assigned to one person to undertake, done on the basis of specialization.
Each function is trained and trained in the direction of specialization. It is a rational
and scientific analysis of all jobs, the interests of which are subordinated to the
common interests.
- This theory has a limitation that workers are exhausted from work, working
with high intensity and continuously.
