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The Syndicates - Food Fraud
- 1. The Syndicates O R G A N IS E D C R IM E IN F O O D F R A U D
- 2. Agenda 1. Food Fraud – Definition 2. F o o d F rau d - T y p e s 3. Food Fraud – Reas o n s 4. F o o d F rau d - A c to rs 5. O rg an is e d Crime Groups – Definition 6. O rg an is e d Crime Groups – Who? Where? 7. C as e S tu d ie s in v o lv in g F atalitie s an d S e afo o d : 2 - 3 8. M itig atin g A c tio n s > A u th o rity & U s 9. Q & A ?
- 3. Every month, an average person m ak e s 8 . 8 trip s to th e g ro c e ry s to re c o n s u m e s 1 8 . 2 m e als o u ts id e th e h o m e d rin k s 1 litre o f alc o h o l
- 5. The Food Supply Chain F arm P o s t-H arv e s tin g P ro c e s s in g D is trib u tio n R e tail C o n s u m e r 1 2 3 4 5 6
- 6. F arm P o s t-H arv e s tin g P ro c e s s in g D is trib u tio n R e tail C o n s u m e r 1 2 3 4 5 6 D e lib e rate tam p e rin g M is re p re s e n tatio n R is k o f im p ac tin g c o n s u m e r h e alth E c o n o m ic / fin an c ial g ain
- 7. Types of Food Fraud • A d u lte ratio n (d ilu tio n / re p lac e m e n t) • C o n c e alm e n t • A rtific ial e n h an c e m e n t • U s e o f n o n -d e c lare d b io c id e s • M is re p re s e n tatio n o f N u tritio n al In fo rm atio n / E x p iratio n D ate • F ak e L ab e ls • R e m o v al o f au th e n tic c o n te n t • F o rm u latio n o f artific ial p ro d u c t • T h e ft an d R e s ale • F ak e c e rtific atio n s • O v e rru n
- 8. The Top 10 of the Masquerade O liv e O il F is h O rg an ic F o o d s M ilk G rain s H o n e y & M ap le S y ru p C o ffe e & T e a S p ic e s W in e J u ic e s
- 9. Reasons for Food Fraud • M o n e y • S o c io -e c o n o m ic d iffe re n c e s • C o m p an y c u ltu re • D e m an d fo r c h e ap c o n s u m e r p ro d u c ts • E as e o f ac tio n • L ac k o f im p o rtan c e as a c rim e • S m all p e n altie s
- 10. What are Organised Crime Groups? • > 2 p artic ip an ts • S e rio u s c rim e s • P lan n e d , c o o rd in ate d an d c o n d u c te d • W o rk in g to g e th e r o n a c o n tin u in g b as is • M o tiv ate d b y fin an c ial g ain / p o w e r / p o litic al id e ao lo g y • O p e rate in th e U n d e rw o rld n e tw o rk
- 11. Examples of Organised Crime Groups • R u s s ian m afia (S o ln ts e v s k ay a B ratv a) • J ap an e s e Y ak u z a (Y am ag u c h i G u m i) • Italian -A m e ric an M afia (C am o rra) • Italian M afia (N d ran g h e ta) • M e x ic an C arte l (S in alo a C arte l)
- 12. Operation Opson Example OCG • W h e re ? A re z z o , T u s c an y , Italy • C rim e ? F is h p ro c e s s in g fac ility S e llin g p re v io u s ly fro z e n s e afo o d as fre s h • H o w ? S p ray e d w ith c h e m ic als (c itric ac id , p h o s p h ate an d h y d ro g e n p e ro x id e ) to d is g u is e ro ttin g • T h e am o u n t: 3 0 to n n e s o f s e afo o d + 1 . 6 to n n e s o f c h e m ic als W atc h it h e re an d h e re
- 13. Mitigating Actions • E U R O P O L - E u ro p e an m u ltid is c ip lin ary p latfo rm ag ain s t c rim in al th re ats (E M P A C T ) p ro je c ts • Interpol – Illic it G o o d s & G lo b al H e alth • E U R O P O L & In te rp o l C o llab o ratio n : O p e ratio n O p s o n I –VI • UK – Natio n al F o o d C rim e U n it (N F C U ), F o o d In d u s try In te llig e n c e N e tw o rk (F IIN ) • US – Economically M o tiv ate d A d u lte ratio n (E M A ) d atab as e b y U S P • N e w C e rtific atio n s tan d ard s • P u b lic atte n tio n th ro u g h m as s m e d ia • M o d ific atio n o f E u ro p e an L e g is latio n in c re as e d p re v e n tio n & p u n is h m e n t • V u ln e rab ility A s s e s s m e n ts • B lo c kc h ain s y s te m
- 14. FIN
Editor's Notes
- http://ec.europa.eu/competition/publications/KD0214955ENN.pdf http://www.euro.who.int/en/media-centre/sections/press-releases/2012/03/adults-in-europe-consume-three-standard-alcoholic-drinks-per-day-on-average
- https://www.vox.com/2014/7/6/5874499/map-heres-how-much-every-country-spends-on-food
- Olive oil: most susceptible to fraud, accounting for 16 percent of the Food Fraud Database records. Extra virgin olive oil supposedly imported from Spain or Italy may not hail from the country the food label claims. Producers are diluting the food product with fake oils, such sunflower oil and vegetable oil. In a report by the USP, one of the cases of olive oil fraud contained lard - pig fat - as the adulterant. Fish: approximately 60 percent of the fish labeled "tuna" is in fact not tuna. Eighty-four percent of white tuna that is sold in Japanese restaurants was found to be escolar - a fish that can cause digestive effects. Milk: faux milk - the combination of oil, urea, detergent, caustic soda, sugar, salt, and skim milk powder. During the 2009, Chinese milk scandal, which caused alarm throughout the world, 50 to 60 children from poor farm families in China died after being fed fake milk formula that contained little to no nutrients, said CBS News. Coffee: might not come from Colombia, Peru, or even from your local neighborhood. Instant coffee is more prone to adulteration than beans, often coming cut with cereals, starch, and figs, among many other ingredients. Spices: This spice is exotic and costly, which makes it vulnerable to adulteration. The vivid crimson color and thread commonly found in saffron have been substituted by turmeric, poppy petals, gypsum, and even sandalwood dye, reports the FDD. Other spices are commonly diluted with lead chromate, and in some cases toxic Japanese star anise is sold as "Chinese star anis" after being diluted with lead tetroxide. Honey: The faux honey scandal arose when China began to launder the sweet bee product by sending containers of cut-rate honey to the Philippines to have it relabeled and sent to American companies. The honey was contaminated with unauthorized antibiotics and pesticides that can impose a series of health risks to consumers of the nectar product. Wine/Alcohol: have been spotted to contain anti-freeze and other harmful chemicals, the Daily Mail reported in January of 2012l. A forensic analysis of the chemicals showed high levels of methanol that can cause a variety of problems - even death. Juice: Juice producers have been known to put unrecognizable lemon juice, grapefruit juice, and even beet sugar to pump up the drink. Orange juice is considered to be to be one of the FFD's most commonly reported products with potassium sulfate, corn sugar, and ascorbic acid added to the drink.
- “fraud triangle” of factors - motivation, opportunity, and rationalisation motivated by a need for money. He will have an opportunity if he works in a purchasing department where there are weak controls, and he could rationalise his actions by saying to himself that it is a big company and he only wants to profit a small monetary sum deeper organisational malaise, or even socio-economic issues. Is the company culture too alienating, instilling no sense of loyalty? Are the checks and balances in place sufficiently transparent and impartial? Are wages in the sector too meagre, tempting employees to seek other sources of income? an audit uncovers that a supplier is experiencing financial problems, for example, this could be a potential red flag https://www.singaporebusiness.com/2016/keeping-an-eye-on-food-fraud-in-asia.html 1 tonne of red meat equates to around £10,000 in market value whereas that of 1 tonne of oregano is worth £100,000 gives us an idea as to the true scope of the opportunity for mass-scale corruption in the herb and spice industry. Practically speaking, it’s a lot easier and more profitable to corrupt than beef for example.
- Family: mafia Business: no interpersonal connections Gang: crime as youths, often joined for protection
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RvbopiZHwZM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhiLWVtCXY0
- - European Parliament adopted a resolution on food fraud in January 2014, on the basis of a report delivered by the ENVI committee16. The text called for more cooperation between agencies and countries17; - In December 2014, the European Council - Justice and Home Affairs Committee adopted conclusions on the role of law enforcement cooperation in combating food crime18. The text recognises the involvement of organised crime in the production and distribution of illicit and counterfeit food products. It invites Member States to encourage operational cooperation between all competent authorities, including the sending of information related to Food Crime to Europol.