Extroverts, men, and adults tend to lie more than introverts, women, and children respectively. Lies are often undetected. Body language signs of lying include increased hand-to-face touching, stiffer posture, thinner lips, broken eye contact, and changes in speech patterns such as delays in answering or inconsistencies. Younger children may avoid eye contact or speak softly when lying, while school-aged children may stutter or have disorganized speech. Adults try to avoid answering directly or pause to collect themselves. Examining paralinguistic cues can provide clues to deception across age groups.

2. - Extroverts liemore than introverts
- Men typicallyliemore than females
- More than 82% of lies go undetected
- A third of all resumes contain false information

3. Edwards,V.(n.d.).Doyouknowwhensomeoneislying toyou?Retrievedfrom
http://www.scienceofpeople.com/do-you-know-when-someone-is-lying-to-you-new/

4. - Protectiveliethatshieldsliarfromdanger
- Heroicliethat protects someoneelsefromdanger
- Playfulliethatenhances a story
- Ego liethatpreventsembarrassment
- Gainfulliethatenriches theliar
- Maliciousliethathurtssomeone
Rodriguez,L.(2015). Watchbody languageforsignsoflying. Retrievedfrom
http://learnbodylanguage.org/body_language_lying.html

5. Children havelearnedthat they couldget in trouble fortellingthetruthso theydecidetolieinsteadtotry
andavoidconsequences.

7. Adultsignsoflying/deception:
- Bodyandface becomestiffer
- Hand-to-facetouchingincreased
- Lips becomethinnerandtighter

8. - Shoulders pulled up, elbows pulled in closertobody
- Foreheadtightensup a little
- Eye contactbreaksaway.Eyes may squintorclose
- Palms turneddown orclosed.
- Sudden changein postureandmovementsfromnormalpatterns
Rodriguez,L. (2015). Watchbodylanguage for signs of lying.Retrievedfrom
http://learnbodylanguage.org/body_language_lying.html
Kids signs oflyingdeception:
- Avoidingnaturaleye contact
- Lookingdown andto the side

9. One ofthereasons these things happen is because the fightor flightresponse kicks in, that’swhyyou dry swallow.
When thefightor flightresponse kicks in, allextra moisturein thebodygets wicked awayand taken to theskin for
sweat. Theact ofdry swallowingistoactivatethe salivaryglands.Thisis thesamereason when someonelies they’re
alwaysclearing their throator maybeworking their jaws back and forth.
Afifi,W.,Andersen,P.,andGuerrero,L.(2011). CloseEncounters:Communicationin
Relationships. 3rded. ThousandOaks:SagePublications,Inc.
Argyle,M. (1975). Bodily Communication. London:Methuen& CoLtd,1975. 162-164.
Birdwhistell,R.(1970). KinesicsandContext;EssaysonBodyMotionCommunication.
Philadelphia:UniversityofPennsylvania.43-45..

10. Adults tend toshut down and try to maintaincontrolofthe situationandin doing so becomes quiet. *
Thealsoemploy longer pauses when speaking deceptively.**
Children alsoshowa longer lag timebetween a question and their response

11. **Barker,E. (April 26,2014). Signs of lying:here’s what will and will not
help you detect lies. Time.Retrieved from http://time.com/77940/detect-lying/
*Rodriguez,L. (2015). Watch body language for signs of lying.Retrieved from
http://learnbodylanguage.org/body_language_lying.html
- somekind ofmodificationorarticulationofthe vocalapparatus,orsignificantlack ofit (i.e.,
hesitation,between segmentsofvocalarticulation) (Key,1970).
There arecountless ways thatany word can be vocalized.Syllableemphasis,pitch, sarcasm,emotion,and intonation
arejust a few that playa rolein humanvocal paralanguage.Monitoringthevariationofthese cues tocatch someone

12. in a liecan bevery difficult.However, depending on theage ofan individualwhois unskilled in lying,eventually, they
willsuccumb to unconsciouslyrevealing what they aretrying to hide. Let’s takea moment todiscuss whatthis looks
likewithinvariousagegroups.
Key, M. (1970). PreliminaryRemarks on Paralanguage and Kinesics in Human Communication. La
Linguistique,6(2), 17–36.

13. Toddlers arenot only beginning to masterverbal communicationin general, however somehow,human nature
includes built-inwiringfortelling fibsand fakeries. This can bevery cuteat such a young agewhen youask a three-
year-oldif they drew on thewalland they respond with aquiet “nooooooooo”. I haveincluded a picturebelowofthis
very incident that occurred withmy son, over 10 years ago ashe attempted tolieaboutdrawingon the wallswitha
bluemarker. As you can see, there is maker allover his hands and face.

14. Lying evolvesas a child grows.By thetimea child reaches schoolage, they arereceiving plentyof examples ofthe
benefits oflying. Whatthis agegroup struggles withis how tocontroltheir emotions.Paralanguagewithinlyingat
this agelookslikethis:
 Withoutsaying aword, they willjust lookatyou witha sweet innocent face in order to deter youfromproceeding
in thequestioning.
 You mayfind yourselfasking the child to repeat themselves because they arespeaking so low.

15. By thisage, kids feel likethey are moreintelligentthan most adults.However, when trying totalk their wayout ofa
lie, thefollowingmayoccur.
 Words may becomealljumbled up and spontaneous stuttering can keep them fromgetting wordsout.
 There tends tobea range ofbeing very softspoken or irrationallyyellingback theresponse.
 Arrangement ofwords and overallgrammarmay beoffas well.

17. Adults tend tobequite abit moresavvyon howto controltheir nonverbal cues. Yet, as weknow, no oneis perfect.
 Adults wouldattemptto not answer a question directly is by using your wordsto makeanswer out oftheoriginal
question you’veasked. When asked, “Didyou comestraighthomeafter work?”Theliaranswers, “Yes, I did come
straighthomeafter work.”
 Pausing toallowthemselves timetoget their nerves under control.
 Specifically,concerning elderly adults,I havenoticed thatthe question can be avoidedoverallbyblaminghearing
issues, or refusalto answer thequestion byresponding, “doyou know howold I am?”

19.  As a kid ifyou knew you were goingto tell alie, you wouldput your hands behind your back and cross your
fingers. On the USAcademy websitestates that“youarehoping somehowto beexcused orto escapepunishment
forlying.(CrossyourFingers;FingersCrossed,n.d.,para.3)

20.  It's funny when I havetwosons who arebothextremes ofthese twotypes ofcommunication.On thehaptics side,
my oldest son uses the sense oftouch when he's lying.He'll becomemorehuggy and closer toyour personalbubble
to try toget youto believehis lie.

21.  But asfar asmy youngest son hisbody languagechanges when helies. His eye contact changes and theway he
holdshis mouthare histhey wayI know he's lying. It'salmostlikehe's trying to fixhis facetolook moretruthful.

 With bothboys,they hate asking me foranything. When I know they are lying,I becomethe FBI.I want toknow
thewho, what,when, where, and how.By thetimethey got done, they do noteven remember thefirst liethey told.

22.  breathing changes
 delay in answering questions
 voicechanges
 loses eye contact
 It is harder to tell ifan adult islying, ifyou do not know them.

23. Rodrigues,L. (n.d.). "Lying and BodyLanguage." Lying and BodyLanguage.EastWest Institute for
Self-Understanding.Retrieved from
<http://learnbodylanguage.org/body_language_lying.html>.