2. History of
Computer
Technology
Ideas of computer science were first
mentioned before the 1950s under the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT) and Harvard University, where
they had discussed and began thinking
of computer circuits and numerical
calculations. As time went on, the field
of information technology and computer
science became more complex and was
able to handle the processing of more
data. Scholarly articles began to be
published from different organizations.
Looking at early computing, Alan
Turing, J. Presper Eckert, and John
Mauchly were considered to be some of
the major pioneers of computer
technology in the mid-1900s. Giving
them such credit for their developments,
most of their efforts were focused on
designing the first digital computer.
Along with that, topics such as artificial
intelligence began to be brought up as
Turing was beginning to question such
technology of the time pelculator
capable of performing the four basic
arithmetical operations was developed.
3. Electronic
Data
Processing
Electronic data processing (EDP)
refers to the gathering of data using
electronic devices, such as computers,
servers or calculators. It is another term
for automatic information processing. It
also involves analyzing data and
summarizing and recording the output
in a (human) usable form.
The first commercial business
computer was developed in the United
Kingdom in 1951, by the J. Lyons and
Co. catering organization, This was
known as the 'Lyons Electronic Office' –
or LEO for short. It was developed
further and used widely during the
1960s and early 1970s. (Lyons formed a
separate company to develop the LEO
computers and this subsequently
merged to form English Electric Leo
Marconi and then International
Computers Limited. By the end of the
1950s punched card manufacturers,
Hollerith, Powers-Samas, IBM and
others, were also marketing an array of
computers. Early commercial systems
were installed exclusively by large
organizations. These could afford to
invest the time and capital necessary to
purchase hardware, hire specialist staff
to develop bespoke software and work
through the consequent (and often
unexpected) organizational and cultural
changes.
4. What is Data
Transmission?
Data transmission and data
reception or, more broadly, data
communication or digital
communications is the transfer and
reception of data in the form of a digital
bitstream or a digitized analog signal
transmitted over a point-to-point or
point-to-multipoint communication
channel. Examples of such channels are
copper wires, optical fibers, wireless
communication using radio spectrum,
storage media and computer buses. The
data are represented as an
electromagnetic signal, such as an
electrical voltage, radio wave,
microwave, or infrared signal.
Data transmitted may be digital
messages originating from a data
source, for example, a computer or a
keyboard. It may also be an analog
signal such as a phone call or a video
signal, digitized into a bit-stream, for
example, using pulse-code modulation or
more advanced source coding schemes.
This source coding and decoding is
carried out by codec equipment.
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