2. Part 1
Past
In 1959, the U.S. Public Health Service published the International Classification of
Diseases, Adapted for Indexing of Hospital Records and Operation Classification
(ICDA). HIPAA considers Volumes 1 and 2 of
ICD-9-CM to be the required code set for
diseases, injuries, impairments, other health
problems and their manifestations, and other
causes of injury, disease, and impairment.
Volume 3 of ICD-9-CM is the required code set
for procedures or actions performed for
inpatients and billed by hospitals
The ICD 9 manual was established in 1975. The ICD-9 Manual was created in
Europe and then later adopted in the United States. The current version was
established by the World Health Organization. It is the oldest method of tracking
diseases. The idea to develop this manual was based on the need for a more
efficient basis for storage and retrieval of diagnostic data. It is also necessary for
physicians in other parts of the country or even the world to be on the same
page with their diagnoses.
ICD-9 contains a lists of codes corresponding to diseases and procedures. The
United States Department of Health & Human Services and the Centers for
Medicare and Medicaid Services created ICD-9-CM as an extension of the
Ninth Revision, International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9), which the World
Health Organization established to track mortality statistics across the world.
Some of the reasons physicians and hospitals cling to ICD-9 include its less
rigorous clinical documentation than ICD-10 and its ability to justify common
patient care episodes with general codes; its implementation timing coincides
with other major U.S. health IT initiatives including nationwide EHR adoption,
establishing national health information exchanges and data-intensive
accountable care organizations.

3. Present
The ICD-9 is the International Classification of
Diseases, ninth revision, covering the years 1979 to
1998. The codes in this publication represent all
diseases, conditions or circumstances known to
cause a person's death. Managed by the World
Health Organization, these codes exist as the
standard used in medical records for conditions
diagnosed globally. Medical personnel handling billing, insurance, health
records and statistics are expected to remain up to date with the ever-
changing ICD standards, with minor updates made annually and major revisions
published each decade.
A standardized classification of disease, injuries, and causes of death, by
etiology and anatomic localization and codified into a 6-digit number, which
allows clinicians, statisticians, politicians, health planners and others to speak a
common language, both US and internationally.
The abbreviation stands for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth
Revision, and Clinical Modification. Medical facilities use ICD-9 codes any time
they receive patients. When physicians make their diagnoses, medical coders
and billers assign the appropriate code. In the United States, the ICD-9 code is
used with the CPT code, which is for procedures performed in the facility. These
codes are used to generate bills for facility reimbursement in cases where
patients have health insurance. The ICD-9 is split into several sections that
correspond to a type of disease or injury. Each section is assigned to a range of
numbers, each of which denote a medical condition. In many cases, these
medical conditions are split into more specific afflictions.

4. Future
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International
Statistical Classification of Diseases and
Related Health Problems (ICD), a medical
classification list by the World Health
Organization (WHO). The system uses three
to seven digit alphanumeric codes to specify
medical procedures. The first digit indicates
the section of medical practice (surgery,
administration, measuring and monitoring,
etc.) and the following digits specify the
body system, root operation, body part,
approach and the device used. The seventh
character is a qualifying digit. The crucial first
three digits of a code are stored in the ICD
manual for reference.
The ICD-10 replaced the ninth revision of the system in 1993 and the ICD-10-PCS
is a clinical modification of the original ICD-10. ICD-10-PCS codes must be used
on all HIPAA transactions, starting in October 2013. The U.S. has been using ICD-
9-CM since 1979, and it is not sufficiently robust to serve the health care needs of
the future. The content is no longer clinically accurate and has limited data
about patients’ medical conditions and hospital inpatient procedures, the
number of available codes is limited, and the coding structure is too restrictive.
The U.S. cannot directly compare morbidity diagnosis data to state and national
mortality data, because mortality data have already transitioned to ICD-10
code sets. ICD-10-CM/PCS code sets will enhance the quality of data for
tracking public health conditions, improved data for epidemiological research,
measuring outcomes and care provided to patients, making clinical decisions,
identifying fraud and abuse, and designing payment systems/processing claims.
There are nearly 19 times as many procedure codes in ICD-10 than in ICD-9-CM
volume 3. There are nearly 5 times as many diagnosis codes in ICD-10-CM than
in ICD-9-CM. ICD-10 has alphanumeric categories instead of numeric ones. The
order of some chapters have changed, some titles have been renamed, and
conditions have been grouped differently.

5. Part 2
Organization
The ICD-9 manual is divided into three main volumes.
Volume 1 is located in between Volumes 2 and 3. This is the tabular list to
diseases. Here is where you will come to verify your codes.
Volume 2 is located in the beginning of the book and lists all of the diseases
alphabetically. Within this volume, there are three tables. The first table can be
found on page 168 and this is the hypertension table. Whenever you need to
code anything that has to do with hypertension, this is where you will go.
The second table lists all of the neoplasms by site. Then they list different codes
for the type of neoplasm. Whenever you need to code any neoplasm, this is
where you will go. This table can be found on page 220.
The third and last table in volume 2 is the Table of Drugs and Chemicals. You will
use codes here when someone is being poisoned or something they took is
making them sick.
After the Table of Drugs and Chemicals, there is another section for external
causes. This is where you would code accidents and the places they occurred
at.
Volume 3 can be found at the end of the manual and contains the Alphabetic
Index to Procedures as well as the Tabular list following it.

6. Part 3
How to find a code
Finding a code can be easy if you know how to look for it. Here are some steps
you can take when you are looking up a code:
1. Figure out which part of the disease is the part to look up. Usually this will
be the last word in the disease or condition.
2. Find the second word in the condition. Look underneath the first word you
looked up. You should see a more specific code to the condition you
want.
3. Code everything! Don’t forget you want the most specific code possible.
Make sure you look for all of the words in the condition.
4. Verify. After you have found the code that you think is right, verify that it is
correct by checking the number in the Tabular list. If the disease you find
there matches the disease that you were originally looking for.
5. Success! If the code you found matches the one you were looking for you
have found the correct code successfully!

7. Part 3
Examples
Page397:
Lacerat ion of arm: 884.0
Lacerat ion of hand: 882.0
Lacerat ion of leg: 890.0
Procedure:
Layered repair of leg lacerat ion: NEC 81.95
Simple repair of arm and hand: 81.93
Page398:
Malignant neoplasm, scrotum, CA in situ: 233.6
Procedure:
Resect ion of scrot um: 61.3
Needle biopsy of t estis: 62.11
Laparoscopy with a ligation of spermatic veins: 54.21, 63.1
Page399:
Procedure:
Vasect omy: 63.73
Page 400:
Primary cardiomyopat hy with chest pain: 786.50, 425.4
Procedure:
Art erial catheterization: 38.91

8. Page401:
Medulloblastoma at the t emporal lobe: 191.2
Procedure:
Cent ral venous access device: NEC 38.93
Page402:
Weight loss: 783.21
Prot ein calorie malnutrition: 263.9
Organic brain syndrome: 310.9
St atus post hip fracture: 820.8
Hist oryof const ipation: 564.00
Bed rest : V49.84

9. References
Rouse, M. ICD-9-CM (Int ernational Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision,
Clinical Modification). Retrieved from
http://searchhealthit.techtarget.com/definition/ICD-9-CM
AHIMA.ICD-9-CM t o ICD-10-CM: Implementation Issues and Challenges.
Retrieved from
http://library.ahima.org/xpedio/groups/public/documents/ahima/bok3_0
05426.hcsp?dDocName=bok3_005426
CDC. Int ernational Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification
(ICD-9-CM. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd9cm.htm
Raminani, S. Int ernational Classification of Diseases (ICD) Retrieved from
http://www.britannica.com/topic/International-Classification-of-Diseases
Apec. ICD-9 FAQ. Retrieved from http://www.acep.org/Clinical---Practice-
Management/ICD-9-FAQ/
AAPC. ICD-9-CM Code Set . Retrieved from
https://www.aapc.com/resources/medical-coding/icd9.aspx
CMS. ICD-10. Retrieved from
http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coding/ICD10/index.html?redirect=/ICD1
0/