Coal 3 history of intel evolution in Assembly Programming

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This document discusses the evolution of Intel processors from 8080/8085 to more recent Pentium models. It traces the progression from 8-bit to 16-bit to 32-bit processors over time, with increasing memory capacity and functionality. Newer processors provided features like pipelining, virtual memory, math coprocessors, and instructions optimized for multimedia applications. The document serves as an overview of the major developments in Intel processor architecture from the 1970s to late 1990s.

Software

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
& ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
LECTURE # 3
BY MUHAMMAD JAFER
1

HISTORY OF INTEL EVOLUTION
• Evolution from 8080/8085 to 8086
• Evolution from 8086 to 8088
• Pentium & Pentium Pro
• Pentium II
• Pentium III
• Pentium 4
• Itanium
2

EVOLUTION
• 8080/8085
• 8 bit
• 64 K
• 8086
• 1978
• 16bit
• 1 megabyte
• Piplelining
• 16 bit Internal & External Address Bus
• Peripheral Problem
• Expensive
3

EVOLUTION
• 8088
• Similar like 8088
• 8bit external data bus
• IBM PC
• MS-DOS
• 80286
• 1982
• 16bit (Internal & External Busses)
• 24 Address Lines
• 16 MB
• Virtual Memory
• Real & Protected Modes
4

EVOLUTION
• 80386
• 1985
• 32bit (Internal & External Busses)
• 4GB
• Virtual Memory to 16TB
• Math CoProcessors
• 386SX
• 80386
• 16 bit External Data Bus
• 24 bit Address Bus
• 16 MB
• Cheaper
• Cache Memory
5

EVOLUTION
• Intel Pentium
• 1992
• x86 Microprocessor
• 80586
• 3 million transistors
• 60 & 66 MHz
• Later became 3 time faster due to new design
• Compatible with old x86
• 8k Cache Memory for Separate Data & code
• 64 bit Address Bus
• 32 bit Registers & Data Bus
• 4 GB
• Improved Floating Point
• Pentium Pro for Servers & Work Stations
6

EVOLUTION
• Pentium ||
• 1997
• MMX (Multi Media Extention)
• Fast graphics & Audio
• Pentium || Xeon
• Servers
• Work Station
• Celeron
• 1999
• Great Performance
• For Education, Home & Small Business
• Cheaper
7

EVOLUTION
• Pentium III
• 1999
• New Instruction for
• SIMD (Enhance Video & Audio)
• Pentium ||| Xeon
• Servers
• Work Station
• Pentium 4
• 1999
• New Design Called Net Brust
• New Instruction for Video & Audio.
• Increase Speed of Buses & Processors
8

CHAPTER REVIEW
• The x86 PC Assembly Language, Design &
Interfacing
• Chapter # 1
• The x86 Processor
• Brief History of the x86 family
9

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A microprocessor is an electronic component that is used by a computer to do its work. It is a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit chip containing millions of very small components including transistors, resistors, and diodes that work together. Some microprocessors in the 20th century required several chips. Microprocessors help to do everything from controlling elevators to searching the Web. Everything a computer does is described by instructions of computer programs, and microprocessors carry out these instructions many millions of times a second. [1] Microprocessors were invented in the 1970s for use in embedded systems. The majority are still used that way, in such things as mobile phones, cars, military weapons, and home appliances. Some microprocessors are microcontrollers, so small and inexpensive that they are used to control very simple products like flashlights and greeting cards that play music when you open them. A few especially powerful microprocessors are used in personal computers.

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