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AIDS. SlideShare
- 2. • PREPARED BY: Tanveer Ahmad Kumar Bsc. Nursing (II semester) Govt College of Nursing Baghi Dilawar Khan Srinagar
- 4. • INTRODUCTION: AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. AIDS is a chronic immune system disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV damages the immune system and interfer with the body’s ability to fight infection and disease.
- 5. • CAUSES: HIV virus From mother to featus i.e during pregnancy, labor and delivery and breast feeding Blood trasfusion Sexual trasmission
- 6. • HIV, A RETROVIRUS: AIDS is caused by HIV, a human retrovirus. Two types- HIVI and HIV II which are genetically different but has related forms. HIV I is most common type associated with AIDS in US, Europe and Central Africa. HIV II causes similar disease in West Africa and India. HIV-II is transmitted less efficiently than HIV-I.
- 7. • STRUCTURE OF HIV:
- 8. • TRANSMISSION: 1. 80% of the total patients got the infection as a sexually transmitted disease. 2. In about 15% of patients, the disease gets transmitted through blood(using contaminated needles for blood transfusions & by drug abusers). 3. In the rest 5% cases, virus may be transmitted from mother to fetus through placenta.
- 10. • SIGNS & SYMPTOMS: weight loss chronic diarrhoea skin rashes, especially on your face, genitals or anus ulcers or infections in your mouth and genitals sweats, especially at night unusual tiredness nausea & loss of appetite(ANOREXIA) swollen lymph glands in the neck & groin.
- 11. • STRUCTURE OF HIV: HIV is a typical retrovirus with a small RNA genome of 9300 base pairs. Is a spherical and contains nucleocapsid core surrounded by a lipid bilayer or envelop derived from host cell membrane. The viral genome encodes 3 major open reading frames- 1. gag encodes a polyprotein that is processed to release major structural proteins of virus. 2. pol encodes 3 important enzymes are RNA dependent DNA polymerase or reverse transcriptase with RNAs H, Protease and integrase. 3. env encodes for large transmembrane envelope proteins responsible for cell binding and entry.
- 12. • NATURAL COURSE OF DISEASE: 1. Window Period:-When the virus enters the body, it is multiplied in the body cells, but it cannot be detected easily. 2. Seropositive Stage:-After a few months, antibodies are seen in circulation. This is called seropositivity. During this period, the person is completely normal. However, this person is a carrier of the disease, and can transmit the disease to others. 3. AIDS Disease:-The third stage is when the clinical manifestations start. By this time, the immune status of the individual is depressed. Patient usually succumbs to death within about 2 years after entering this stage.
- 13. • HIV DIAGNOSIS & LABORATORY ANALYSIS: i. The antibodies in the blood are detected by the ELISA test. ii. In Western blot analysis, antibodies against 6 different components of the virus are analysed. Iii. T-helper count is lowered. The normal level is more than 400/cmm. In AIDS patients, the level is always below 300. iv. In the last stages, the antigen, especially, p24 starts to rise. V. By Real time PCR (RTPCR), the number of HIV particles in blood can be estimated. A value of less than 5000 copies per ml of blood has good prognosis, while a count more than 1 lakh per ml means bad prognosis.
- 14. PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF HIV/AIDS: Early diagnosis & assessment HIV testing & treatment Never share needles & use sterile needles Provide antiretroviral treatment Early treatment of HIV infected pregnant women Avoid unprotected sex HIV infected mothers should feed their baby formula milk
- 16. • ABCDE OF HIV/AIDS: A-abstinence B-be mutually faithful C-check your status D-don’t inject drugs E-educate yourself and others
- 17. • ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY: There’s no cure for HIV/AIDS, but many different drugs are available to control the virus called Antiretroviral therapy, or ART. Each class of drug blocks the virus in different ways. ART is now recommended for everyone, regardless of CD4 T cell counts. It’s recommended to combine three drugs from two classes to avoid creating drug- resistant strains of HIV.