ASSIGNMENT 1 PowerPoint Presentation

1. PHONETIC
TRANSCRIPTION
 Name of the
Teacher- Tania John
 Course Title-
Language and
Linguistics

2. PHONEMES
Phoneme - The minimal distinctive sound
unit of a language.
Minimal- It cannot be subdivided.
Distinctive - When one phoneme is
substituted by another meaning change.
For example bat and cat.
Phonemic symbols are enclosed within slant
bars.

4. ALLOPHONES
Consistent variants of the same phoneme.
Non-contrastive.
Complementary distribution.
The substitution of one allophone in the
place of another does not alter the meaning
of the word.

6. PHONEMES ALLOPHONES
Contrastive
distribution.
Unpredictable.
Broad transcription
/.../
Complementary
distribution.
Predictable.
Narrow
transcription[...]

7. Phonetic Transcription
Transcription of all distinguishable segments of
speech sound in an utterance using specific symbols.
In English there is an incongruity between spelling
and pronunciation.
To overcome this linguists have evolved
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
IPA can be used to represent in writing all the sounds,
words, phrases and sentences of any language.
This type of graphic representation is known as
Phonetic transcription.

8. Different Types of Phonetic
Transcription
Phonemic Transcription Allophonic Transcription
Also called Broad
transcription.
Based on the assumption
that each symbol
represented the
phoneme.
Phonemic transcriptions
are enclosed within slant
bars.
Also called Narrow
transcription.
Allophonic variations of
the phonemes can be
represented.
Allophonic
transcriptions are
enclosed in square
brackets.

9. How to Transcribe using IPA
Enclose the words transcribed in slant bars.
All common punctuation marks are to be avoided.
Even where capital letters are used in writing, use
only the corresponding IPA symbols.
In connected speech, begin with a single slant bar
and end the sentence with double slant bars.
Two tone groups may be separated by a single slant
bar.
Generally the content words are stressed while the
function class words are unstressed.

10. ACTIVITY- 1
Transcribe the following words and mark the
stress:
 Popular
 Silence
 Brother
 Quiet
 Century
 Business
 Furniture
 Yesterday
 Usual
 Successful

11. ACTIVITY- 2
Transcribe the paragraph given below and mark
the stress:
 Tomorrow will be another fine day with temperatures
reaching the mid twenties. A bit cool early in the morning
with some showers likely but this will clear up towards
midmorning and most areas will have prolonged sunshine
for most of the afternoon. Wednesday’s not looking so
good, rather dull and overcast with winds light to
moderate and rain and drizzle spread over much of the
south of the country. Temperatures around 15 to 17
degrees Celsius dropping as low as 12 degrees overnight
in hilly areas, possibly a few patches of fog in lowlying
areas. (taken from Advanced Conversation Practice –
Teacher’s Book – p. 101)