Smart materials are materials that have properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled way by external stimuli like stress, temperature, or electric/magnetic fields. They have various biomedical applications including drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, implantable medical devices, biomedical sensors, and regenerative medicine. Smart materials are composed of sensors that detect input signals and actuators that perform adaptive functions, like piezoelectric, shape memory, chromoactive, magnetorheological, and photoactive materials. These materials have advantages like high density, fast response times, compact sizes, and fewer moving parts, but also limitations such as limited strain outputs, blocking forces, high costs, and sensitivity to environmental conditions.
2. Response to stimulus is a basic process of
living system . Materials that have one or
more properties that can be significantly
changed in a controlled fashion by external
stimuli, such as stress , temperature ,
moisture , electricor magnetic fields .
INTRODUCTION
3. Applications
1. Drug delivery system: This material can be
used in deliver drug in a controlled and
targeted manner to specific parts of body. ex:
they can be used to create implantable device
that can release drugs at a specific rate over
an extended period of time.
2. Tissue engineering: It used to assemble
functions constructs that restore, maintain, or
improve damaged tissues or whole organs
Ex: Artifical skin, cartilage
4. 3. Implantable medical device: It is an instrument that is either
wholly or partially introduce into the body, such as artificial
joint bands, heart valves.
4. Biomedical sensors: Used in biological components for
detection of chemical substances.
5. Regenerative medicine: Helps To replace tissue or organ
that have been damageby disease.
5.
6.
7. COMPONENTS OF SMART MATERIALS
1. Sensors (Detects an input signal )
2. Actuator (Performs adaptive functions)
❑ Piezoelectric materials
❑ Shape memory materials
❑ Chromoactive materials
❑ Magnetorheological materials
❑ Photoactive materials
TYPES OF SMART MATERIALS
8. They can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and vice versa .For
example, they change their shape in response to an electrical impulse or produce an
electrical charge in response to an applied mechanical Stress.
Piezoelectric materials:
9. They have the ability to change the shape , even returning to their
original shape , when exposed to a heat source , among other stimuli
They change colour when subjected to a certain variation in
temperature, light, pressure etc . Nowadays , They are used in sectors
such as optics among others .
Shape memory materials :
Chromoactive materials :
10. Magnetorheological fluids are a kind of smart materials whose properties
can be controlled by changing In the presence of external magnetic field
These materials are capable of emitting light under the action of different
external stimuli .
Magnetorheological materials :
Photoactive materials :
11. Properties :
1. Bio compatibility
2. Stimulus responsive
3. Drug delivery
4. self-controlled, self-healing
5. Shock-absorbers, damage arrest
12. Advantages Disadvantages
1. Smart materials include
high density
2. These materials will give
fast response
3. These has compact size
4. fewer moving parts
1. Smart materials include limited
strain outputs
2. Smart materials has Limited
blocking forces
3. These are of high cost
4. These have sensitivity to harsh
environmental conditions
