Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process used to identify and evaluate the potential environmental effects of a proposed project or development, such as waste management activities. Waste can have a significant impact on the environment, including air, water, and soil quality, as well as on human health.

1. ECOSYSTEM IMPACT THROUGH THE
PRISM OF WASTE PROBLEMS
Lecture: Taalai Mambetov

2. What is WASTE?
Waste is unwanted materials and objects that people have
thrown away. Waste is any substance which is discarded
after primary use, or it is worthless, defective and of no use.
use. It can be solid, liquid, or gas
Fun fact: Every year we dump 2.12 billion
tons of waste. What does 2.12 billion tons look
like? That would be equivalent to lining up
waste trucks and going around the earth 24
times.

3. TYPES OF SOLID WASTE
a) Recyclable (reusable)
b) Biodegradable (decomposable)

4. RECYCLABLE WASTE
a) Reusable( recyclable) – paper, cardboard, glass,
bottles, cans, jars, metals, plastics( wide varieties),
clothes, computers, notebooks, cellphones,
electrical appliances, light bulbs, TVs, kitchen
appliances etc.

5. SOLID WASTE

6. BIODEGRADABLE WASTE
Biodegradable (decomposable) - food, green waste,
turf grass, paper, trees branch, boles, agricultural save
etc.
Fun fact: Did you know that developed countries
tend to sell their toxic and hazardous waste to
underdeveloped countries? This practice is known
as the global waste trade. By having richer
countries cheaply get rid of their toxic waste by
exploiting poorer countries is also referred to as
toxic colonialism.

7. BIODEGRADABLE WASTE

8. LIQUID WASTE
Liquid waste is a liquid form of general waste. They are
formed of industrial, fertilizer and pesticide solutions
from agricultural fields, urban runoff etc.

9. LIQUID WASTE

10. GAS WASTE
The gaseous wastes include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane
(CH4), chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), oxides of nitrogen (NO2),
carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of sulphur (SO2) etc. These
gaseous wastes can cause serious environmental hazards.

11. GAS WASTE

12. 5 MAIN TYPES OF WASTE ORIGIN
a) Urban (domestic)
b) Agricultural
c) Industrial
d) Medical
e) Hazardous
Fun fact: Ever think about the waste
produced during clothing production?
The waste rate for clothing fabric is 15%.

13. URBAN (DOMESTIC) WASTE
Urban (domestic) - is a waste type consisting of
everyday items that are discarded by the public

14. URBAN (DOMESTIC) WASTE

15. INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Industrial - is the waste produced by industrial
activity which includes any material that is represent
useless during a manufacturing process that are
mainly from factories, industries, mills, and mining
operations

16. INDUSTRIAL WASTE

17. AGRICULTURAL WASTE
Agricultural - which includes both natural (organic) and non-
natural wastes, is a general term used to describe waste produced
on a farm through various farming activities
Fun fact: 400 million tons of food is thrown
away each year in the US. This is equivalent to
1000 Empire State Buildings.

18. AGRICULTURAL WASTE

19. MEDICINAL WASTE
Medical - is defined as- potentially infectious
waste materials generated at health care facilities,
such as hospitals, clinics, physician’s offices, dental
practices, blood banks, and veterinary
hospitals/clinics, as well as medical research
facilities and laboratories.

20. MEDICINAL WASTE

21. HAZARDOUS WASTE
Hazardous - is waste that poses substantial or
potential threats to public health or the environment.
Fun fact: In 2019, a total of 28, 591, 886 tons of
electronic waste were thrown out.

22. HAZARDOUS WASTE

23. METHODS OF UTILIZATION
a) Landfill
b) Incinerating (burning)
c) Recycling (sorting)
d) Composting

24. LANDFILL
Landfill a place to dispose of refuse and other
way material by burying it and covering it over
with soil, especially as a method of filling in or
extending usable land.

25. LANDFILL

26. INCINIRATE (BURNING)
Incinerate (burning) – is destroy waste material by
burning.

27. INCINIRATE (BURNING)

28. RECYCLING (SORTING)
Recycling – is converting waste into reusable material.

29. RECYCLING (SORTING)

30. COMPOSTING
Composting – is making vegetable matters or manure
into compost.

31. COMPOSTING

32. DECOMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF
WASTE

33. WASTE MANAGEMENT IN VARIOUS
COUNTRIES

34. ECOSYSTEM AND WASTE
Humans are generating too much trash and cannot deal with it in a sustainable
way. Waste that is not biodegradable and cannot be properly be recycled is filling
our oceans and landfills.

35. Climate Change
Trash that is dumped in landfills releases methane gas. Taken one step further open landfills
were found to represent 91% of all landfill methane emissions. The burning of large, open
piles of trash in various parts of the world emits dangerous levels of carbon dioxide, a
greenhouse gas that is heating up our planet. Researchers have calculated
that approximately 40% of the world’s trash is burned in this fashion, posing large-scale risks
to both our atmosphere and the people that live near these burning sites.

36. Wildlife
Ecosystems vary widely from location to location. However, one of the most outsize consequences of
our global waste problem manifests itself in relation to our marine life and waterways. Simply put, it
affects the people who depend on the ocean for their livelihoods. They cannot distinguish between
what is or isn’t food. They consume the trash, which results in death because the aquatic animal could
not process it. This affects fish, seals, turtles, whales, and many other aquatic animals, as scientists
have also found many plastic fragments in over a thousand species.

37. Public Health
Human health is at risk through our inaction. We keep producing large amounts of trash, we do not dispose of
it correctly, and in the end that will be our downfall as it is for the environment and wildlife in the ecosystems
we all share. We cannot prevent or promote longevity with how we treat our Earth. The more emissions that we
produce due to how much trash we generate, affects us long term. One can develop diseases such as asthma,
birth defects, cancer, cardiovascular disease, childhood cancer, infectious diseases, low birth weight
etc. Bacteria and insects can also be added to the problem that trash causes.