Christina Salmivalli: KiVa antibullying program - From nationwide roll-out to international implementation
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Professor of Psychology Christina Salmivalli, University of Turku, Finland, at INVEST – Towards the Next Welfare State? EU side event, 4 Oct 2019, THL, Helsinki
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Christina Salmivalli: KiVa antibullying program - From nationwide roll-out to international implementation
- 1. 1 KiVa® antibullying program: From nationwide roll-out to international implementation Professor Christina Salmivalli University of Turku, Finland www.kivaprogram.net
- 2. 2
- 3. School is not only about academic achievenment 3
- 4. NOT feeling safe at school, % (Finland, 2009) 4 Correlates significantly with being bullied
- 5. Bullying at school: a global concern 10-40 % victims Serious short- and long-term negative consequences Enormous human suffering; costs to societies
- 7. self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach self-invented approach EFFECTS? RESOURCES? 7
- 9. Universal IndicatedMonitoring KiVa®: based on best available evidence 9 Student lessons Visible vests for recess supervisors Online antibullying games KiVa™ team Clear guidelines for tackling bullying Parent materials Online surveys with feedback of progress
- 10. 10
- 11. 11
- 12. • Whether an individual risk factor leads to being bullied depends on the classroom context 12
- 13. 13
- 14. Universal IndicatedMonitoring KiVa® 14 Student lessons Visible vests for recess supervisors Online antibullying games KiVa™ team Clear guidelines for tackling bullying Parent materials Online surveys with feedback of progress
- 15. 15
- 16. Universal IndicatedMonitoring 16 Student lessons Visible vests for recess supervisors Online antibullying games KiVa™ team Clear guidelines for tackling bullying Parent materials Online surveys with feedback of progress KiVa®
- 17. Universal IndicatedMonitoring 17 Student lessons Online antibullying games KiVa™ team Clear guidelines for tackling bullying Parent materials Online surveys with feedback of progress Visible vests for recess supervisors KiVa®
- 18. RCT • > 30 000 students from 234 schools • Reductions in the prevalence of bullying problems 18
- 19. 19
- 20. 20 BULLYING
- 21. Effects on numerous forms of bullying… Salmivalli et al., 2011
- 23. Effects on peer climate & mental health 23
- 25. Nationwide implementation of KiVa started in 2009 25
- 26. 26 % Nationwide implementation of KiVa started in 2009
- 27. School health promotion study, Finnish secondary schools Boys Girls [Warning: the figure is manipulated!]
- 28. NOT feeling safe at school, % 28
- 29. Challenges • High hopes lead to disappointments, too • Implementation is a big challenge • Healthy context paradox 29
- 30. Implementation challenge: two examples • When implementation suppport is lacking, sustainability is threatened 30 Implementation of Kiva across years (Sainio et al., 2019): Four-group model of 1,771 schools starting in 2009
- 31. Implementation challenge: two examples • When implementation suppport is lacking, fidelity fades over time – Johander et al., in preparation: Annual reports from KiVa teams regarding the method they used to tackle bullying – Confronting / non-confronting / own adaptation / could not specify 31
- 32. Implementation challenge: two examples We also collected: – Annual reports from Kiva team members regarding the effectiveness of their interventions – Annual reports from students who had been bullied and whose case was tackled by the KiVa team: was it helpful? 32 Results (Johander et al., in preparation): Schools start adapting more over time, although both KiVa team members and students find interventions most helpful in schools utilizing the program-recommended methods
- 33. ”Healthy context paradox” 33 The negative impact of victimization seems to be especially damaging in contexts where the overall level of victimization is low, or decreasing over time
- 34. Pan, B., Tengfei, L., Linqin, J., Zhang, W., & Salmivalli, C. (in preparation). Why does classroom-level victimization moderate the victimization-depression association? The “healthy context paradox” and two explanations. Support for both social self-concept and lack of friends as mediators
- 35. How can we become better in erasing bullying? • We have done some great progress in developing, implementing, and evaluating measures to prevent bullying • It is time to focus on failure, not only on success – Yes we have looked at (some) moderating factors before, but our eyes are usually on ”whent it works, for whom it works” rather than ”when it doesn’t work, for whom it does not work” • -> Focus on ”challenging cases”
- 36. Implementing Kiva abroad • Belgium 2013 • European school network 2013 • The Netherlands 2014 • UK 2014 • New Zealand 2014 • Estonia 2015 • Sweden 2015 • Italy 2015 • Hungary 2015 • International schools in Spain, Argentina, Mexico, Peru, Columbia 2015 • Basque country 2016 • Chile 2016 • Spain 2017 • Ireland 2018 36 www.kivaprogram.net
- 37. KiVa international Research collaboration (yellow); Licensed partners (red) 37 www.kivaprogram.net
- 38. It does not work without local partners 38
- 39. ”More than a program” • A global community of researchers, partner organizations, KiVa trainers, schools… – continuous development of effective tools to ensure safe learning environment for all 39