Mec e learning2

Media Computing
Click the arrow to continue.

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Contents
REQUIREMENTS:
This e-learning package requires you to:
1. Go through this presentation
2. Try the sample scripts provided.
3. Create a game using this presentation and the sample scripts to help you.
4. Submit your game through LMS.

RESOURCES:
You should have downloaded the attached files. You should have 2 partially
completed games:
- Alien
- Prevent_dengue

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Use these button for
quick access to each set
of scripts.
Back to the home page.
Click to see more of
each script block.

Quits this presentation

Navigating
Next page

Previous page

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Select a set of scripts to begin

See Sample scripts

Go to Task

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Motion
Click on the scripts on the left to see what each script does
to the worm below.

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Move 10 steps
Click on the scripts on the left to see what each script
does to the worm below.

Moves the sprite 10 steps in the current direction.

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Turn clockwise

Turns the sprite (X) degrees clockwise.

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Turn Anti-clockwise

Turns the sprite (x) degrees anti clockwise.

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Point in direction: – 0o
Mouse over the different degrees to see what happens
0o

90o

-90o

180o
Points the sprit in a specified direction.

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Point in direction: 180o
0o

90o

-90o

180o

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Point in direction: -90o
0o

90o

-90o

180o

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Point in direction : 90o
0o

90o

-90o

180o

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Point towards:


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Go to X: Y:
Instantly moves a sprite to a specified coordinate position.
X: 180
X: 150

Y: -200

Y: 200

Y: -150
Centre of the
stage is always
(0, 0)
X: -180

Go to X: 150 Y: -150

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Go to (XX):
Instantly moves the sprite the location of another sprite or
mouse pointer.

Go to <Mouse pointer> Sprite goes to wherever the
mouse pointer goes

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Glide ( )secs to X: Y:
Gradually moves the sprite to a specified position over a
number of seconds.
Y: 180

X: 100
X: 200

X: -200
Y: -50

Y: -180
Glide (3) secs to to X: 100 Y: -50

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Change x by ( )
Moves the sprite left or right regardless of direction the
sprite is pointing.

Click the buttons belowt o compare the effect of the 3
different scripts.
Change x by (20)

Change x by (-20)

Move (20) steps

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Change x by ( 20 )
sprite is pointing.

different scripts.
Change x by (20)

Change x by (-20)

Move (20) steps

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Change x by ( -20 )
sprite is pointing.

different scripts.
Change x by (20)

Change x by (-20)

Move (20) steps

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Move ( 20 ) steps
sprite is pointing.

different scripts.
Change x by (20)

Change x by (-20)

Move (20) steps

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Move ( 20 ) steps
sprite is pointing.

Click the buttons below to compare the effect of the 3
different scripts.
Change y by (20)

Change y by (-20)

Move (20) steps

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Change y by ( )
Moves the sprite up or down regardless of direction the
sprite is pointing.

different scripts.
Change y by (20)

Change y by (-20)

Move (20) steps

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Change y by ( 20 )
sprite is pointing.

different scripts.
Change y by (20)

Change y by (-20)

Move (20) steps

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Change y by ( -20 )
sprite is pointing.

different scripts.
Change y by (20)

Change y by (-20)

Move (20) steps

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If on edge, bounce
Usually used when the sprite is moving. When the sprite touches
the edge of the screen, it will “bounce” and move in the opposite
direction.

Mouse over the button below to see an example.
Start

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Looks
Click on the scripts on the left to see what each script does
to the worm below.

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Switch costume
Switch to costume ( )

Next costume

Allows you to choose which
costume to switch to.

Automatically switches to the
next costume.

back

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Switch costume
Lets say the worm below has 3 costume.
Costume 1

Costume 1

Click the commands below to see what
happens to the worm.
Switch to costume (costume 1)

Costume 2

Next costume

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Say
Automatically creates a speech balloon to say a specified
text.

How are You?

Say [ How are you ? ] for (3) secs.

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Think…
Similar to the “say” script, but creates a thought balloon
instead.
How are you?

Think [ How are you ? ] for (3) secs.

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Change size by ( )
Changes the size by a specified amount each time the
script is used.

Negative numbers will shrink the sprite
Positive numbers will grow the sprite.

Change size by ( 50)
Size = 150%

Size = 100%
Change size by ( - 50)
Size = 50%

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Set size to ( )%
Changes the size by a specified amount once only.
Only positive numbers used.
Click
here
and Set Size

to see difference between Change Size

Set size to (150)%
Size = 150%

Size = 100%
Set size to (50) %
Size = 50%

back

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Change size vs Set size
The difference between change size and set size become obvious
when the same script is used multiple times.
script
Size = 100%

Used 1st time

Used 2nd time

Used 3rd time

Size = 130%

Size = 160%

Size = 190%

Size = 30%

Size = 30%

Size – 30%

Change size
by (30)
Size = 100%

Set size to
(30) %

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Show and Hide
Show: the sprite can be seen (visible)
Hide: the sprite cannot be seen (invisible)

Show

Hide

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Sounds
This set of scripts allows you to control sounds in your
game or animation.

Click on one of the highlighted scripts to check what they
do.

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Play sound ( )
Plays a specified sound.

Sound effect must be imported into the sprite library for
you to be able to use them.

Click

Here

to find out how to import sounds

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Importing sound effects

Click on the SOUNDS
tab to start importing
sound effects.

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Click on the IMPORT
button to select the
sound effect you
need.

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Select the sound that
you need and click OK

back

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Your sound effect is
now imported.

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Play sound ( ) until done
Plays a specified sound and waits until the sound clip ends
before moving on to the next script.

Sound effect must be imported into the sprite library for
you to be able to use them.

Click

Here

to find out how to import sounds

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Stop all sounds
Stops all sound effects in the game or animation.

Usually used when the game ends or when a condition is
met.

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Control
Click on a set of control scripts.
Terminators

Loops and
conditionals

Examples

When key pressed;
When I receive;
When sprite clicked
Stop
Stop all

Examples

If, If.. Then.. Else;
Repeat loops
Forever loops
Broadcast

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Controls – Terminators
Terminators are used to start or stop a set of scripts.

Click on a terminator to learn more about it.

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When (green flag) clicked
The green flag is usually used to start the game or
animation.

Click on the green
flag to start

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When (green flag) clicked
The green flag is usually used to start the game or
animation.

Click on the green
flag to start

Click on another terminator to continue

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When ( ) key pressed
Key press can also be used to start a game or animation.
Key press is a common method to control characters or
sprites in a game.

Space bar
Click on the
spacebar above

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When ( ) key pressed
Key press can also be used to start a game or animation.
Key press is a common method to control characters or
sprites in a game.

Space bar
Click on the
spacebar above

Click “spacebar” to change costume again or click
MORE continue.

more

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Key press as controls

Click on the arrow keys to see
what each key press does to the
worm above

Click on another terminator to
continue.

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When sprite clicked
The sprite “worm” changes costume when clicked
and changes back after 0.25 seconds.

Try clicking on the worm, or click another terminator to
continue.

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Loops and Conditionals
LOOPS

A set of scripts that repeats itself.

CONDITIONAL
LOOPS

A set of scripts that repeats itself
until a condition is fulfilled.

CONDITIONALS

An event that must happen to start
a set of scripts.

CONDITIONALS

An event that must happen to start
a set of scripts.

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Forever Loops
Scripts inside the forever loop will be repeated over and over
again.
Forever Loops can be stopped when the “STOP ALL” command
is used.

Example:

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Conditional Loops
Select one of the conditional loops below to find out more.

Repeat ( )

Repeat until < >

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Repeat ( )
Repeats the script inside the loop a fixed number of times.
In the script on the right, the
worm moves 10 steps and
waits for 0.5 seconds for 3
times. , and then changes
costume.
Click here to start

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Repeat until < >
Repeats the script inside the loop a fixed number of times.
In the script on the right, the
worm moves 10 steps and
waits for 0.5 seconds until it
touches the edge , and then
changes costume.
Click here to start

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“If” statements
If statements specify an event that must happen before the
scripts in the statement is run..

Select one of the options below to learn more.

IF < > …

IF < > … ELSE …

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IF < > …
The event specified in < > must happen for the script to run.
The script on the right shows
part of a game.
Click on the larger number to
score a point.
IF you score 3 points, you win.

Click here to start

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IF < > …
part of a game.
score a point.
SCORE

Click here to start
Which number
is larger?

34

OR

45

0

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IF < > …
part of a game.
score a point.
SCORE

Next question
Correct!

1

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IF < > …
part of a game.
score a point.
SCORE
Which number
is larger?

50

OR

32

1

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IF < > …
part of a game.
score a point.
SCORE

Next question
Correct!

2

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IF < > …
part of a game.
score a point.
SCORE
Which number
is larger?

0

OR

-1

2

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IF < > …
part of a game.
score a point.
SCORE

End game
Correct!
YOU WIN !

3

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IF < > …
part of a game.
score a point.

Wrong answer! Please try again.

<< Back

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IF < >… ELSE …
IF < > … ELSE … is used when there are only 2 options. E.g: YES
or NO, TRUE or FALSE, A or B.

Compare the 2 scripts below:

Click each one to see how they work.

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IF < >… ELSE …
Answer the question
below.
Click the correct
answer.

How many hours are there in a day?

(A) 24 hours

Answer A

(B) 30 hours

Answer B

(C) 78 hours

Answer C

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IF < >… ELSE …

You Win!


(A) 24 hours

Answer A

(B) 30 hours

Answer B

(C) 78 hours

Answer C

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IF < >… ELSE …

Almost there!


(A) 24 hours

Answer A

(B) 30 hours

Answer B

(C) 78 hours

Answer C

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IF < >… ELSE …

Are you sure?


(A) 24 hours

Answer A

(B) 30 hours

Answer B

(C) 78 hours

Answer C

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IF < >… ELSE …

Answer the question below.
Click the correct answer

(A) 24 hours

Answer A

(B) 30 hours

Answer B

(C) 78 hours

Answer C

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IF < >… ELSE …

Wrong Answer!


(A) 24 hours

Answer A

(B) 30 hours

Answer B

(C) 78 hours

Answer C

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BROADCAST and RECEIVE
BROADCAST = Send a message
Start Animation
RECEIVE = receive the message

Sprite 1
Back to controls

Sprite 2

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Change your
So much
Colour!
better!

Sprite 1
Back to controls

Sprite 2

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Restart Animation

So much
better!

Notice this speech
balloon appeared too
early.
Sprite 1
Back to controls

Sprite 2

X


Lets change this to
BROADCAST AND WAIT.
So much
better!

Sprite 1
Back to controls

Sprite 2

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Broadcast vs Broadcast and Wait
• Broadcast:
– Sends the message and continues with the next
script

• Broadcast and wait
– Sends the message, waits for the message to be
received carried out, then continues with the next
script.

Back to controls

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Sensing
Blocks found under the sensing section are never used
alone, except for Ask and Wait.
Sensing scripts are used together with other scripts,
usually conditional loops and “IF” statements

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Operators
Operators may be used to specify conditions
They may be used together with sensing blocks control
blocks.
Click on one of the block on the left to continue.

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Mathematical operators
These are used when mathematical calculation is needed.

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Random Number Generator
One of the most commonly used script blocks in game
design. Generates a random number when used.
Click next to see examples:

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Examples
Points the sprite in a random direction between 0 to 360.

Sets the variable (Scene) to either 1 or 2 randomly.

Moves the sprite to a random X-position between -200 and
200.

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Logical operators
Less than.
Equals to.
Greater than.
Examples of Use:

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Join [ ] [ ]
Joins 2 words together.
Used together with the “say” script.

Example: Click the 2 scripts below to see what is said.

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Join [ ] [ ]


Your score is 5

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Join [ ] [ ]


Your answer A is correct!

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Variables
A variable is a memory location set aside to store
data types such as numbers, text or dates. This
location will contain something when it is first
used. Hence, it is important to clear the location
and fill it with the value that you want. The
process of filling with a start value is called
initialisation.

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Variables
A common variable that we will use frequently is the
score of a game. The score is a variable because it keeps
changing (varying) when the game is being played. We
use the “set” instruction to initialise a variable.

For example, we can set a variable “lives” to a start
value of 5 by using this instruction:

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Variables
Checking the variable makes that variable visible on
screen.

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Variables
This instruction can be used to change the value of a
variable.
The instruction below will change the variable “lives” by 1.

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Sample Scripts
Alien Invasion

Create the scripts for each of the sprite below:

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Alien invasion
Open the file “Alien”. Create the scripts for each of the sprite below:

Click the sprites to see the scripts

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Hammer Scripts
Mouse over the scripts to see explanations

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Hammer Scripts

When the green flag is clicked,
the hammer is reset to the
position X: 0, Y: 122.
Hammer is visible (show).

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Hammer Scripts

When spacebar is pressed, the
hammer moves as if it is being
swung.
A broadcast message (hit) is sent
to see if the hammer hits the
alien spaceship.

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Hammer Scripts

When the right arrow key is
pressed, the hammer moves right
by 10 steps
If the x-position of the hammer is
more than 200, it is automatically
changed to 200.
This prevents the hammer from
going off the screen.

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Hammer Scripts

When the Left arrow key is
pressed, the hammer moves left
by 10 steps
If the x-position of the hammer is
less than -200, it is automatically
changed to 200.
This prevents the hammer from
going off the screen.

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Alien Spaceship Scripts

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Initialisation:
The Alien spaceship is shown,

Lives is reset to 3
Score is reset to 0
Spaceship is moved to a random
x-position at y:128

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Until score=5 or lives=0, the
spaceship is moved downwards
every 0.2 sec.

If the spaceship touches green
color (the ground), deduct 1 from
the variable lives.
Resets by appearing in another
random location.

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If score = 5, the broadcast a WIN
message,
Otherwise, broadcast a loss
message.

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When the broadcast message
“hit” is received, check to see if
spaceship is touching the
hammer.
If touching hammer (sprite 2),
increase the score by 1, hide the
spaceship.
Spaceship reappears at another
random x position at the top of
the screen.

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Background Scripts

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When Green flag is clicked, the
game background is shown.

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When the “lose” broadcast
message is received, change
background to shown lose-game
message.

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When the “win” broadcast
message is received, change
background to shown win-game
message.

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Task for submission.
Create a game using scratch as in the video below

Submit your game through Ask n Learn.

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Game title: Prevent Dengue
STATE the problem
• This game is about killing Aedes mosquitoes to prevent the
spreading of dengue fever.
• The aim is to swing the bat to kill the mosquitoes. The
mosquito starts randomly from the left side of the screen
and moves towards the right.
• If the bat hits the mosquito, the score increases by 1. If the
mosquito is not hit, the number of lives which begins at 3
will decrease by 1.
• The game ends when 5 mosquitoes are killed or the
number of lives equals 0.

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THINK about what is needed
1. Refer to the flowchart to program the game.
2.

Plan the code for the background such that it switches to different
scenes depending on the different situations. The three scenes are start
of the game, end of the game when 5 mosquitoes are killed, and end of
the game when number of lives is zero.

3.

Plan the code for the bat such that it can only move up and down within
the screen; and it will swing back and forth when the space key is
pressed (to simulate hitting the mosquito).

4.

Plan the code for the mosquito such that it
a)
b)
c)

appears randomly at the left side of the screen;
moves from left to right; and
tracks the number of mosquitoes and number of lives.

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ENGAGE in coding
1. Open a new file and use all the images provided.
2. Create the code for the background and the bat as
planned.
3. Save the file as mosquito_<your name>.
4. Create the code for the mosquito as planned.
5. Save your work.

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SUBMIT your code through LMS.
Name your file as “dengue_your_name”
REFINE your code (Challenge)
- You may choose not to attempt this section.
- Add one or two more mosquitos to your
game.

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