1. Lecture outline 1
What are the small animals? Describe the health benefits of
small/pet animals.
What is the dog population, training institute and human health
hazards in Bangladesh
What is Veterinary Small Animal Internal Medicine? What are the
areas need to work for Small animal internal medicine?
Write the scientific classification and terminologies of dogs &
cats.
What is Laboratory Animals Medicine and why it is important?
Differentiate between Veterinary Medicine & Zoological
Medicine.
Differentiate between Zoo Animal Medicine & Wild Animal
Medicine.
Describe the importance of Zoo Animal Medicine.
What is zoo? How it differ from Safari park and eco park?
Write the zoo/safari parks in Bangladesh
2. Small Animals-definition, importance and health benefits
► Canine and feline, more specifically domestic dogs and cats
are considered as small animals in Veterinary Medicine
► Dogs are integral part of the human environment in
Bangladesh and many other countries.
► Dogs, like humans, are highly social animals and pack
hunters, this similarity in their overall behavioral design
accounts for their train ability, playfulness and ability to fit
into human households and social situations.
► Dogs fill a variety of roles in human society and are often
trained as working dogs.
► For dogs that do not have traditional jobs, a wide range of
dog sports provide the opportunity to exhibit their natural
skills.
Small, zoo & laboratory animal medicine
3. ► Dogs provide companionship, a sense of purpose, and
unconditional love. These qualities can especially benefit
lonely, elderly, or mentally disturbed people
►The bond between human and dog is believed to have begun
since ten thousand years.
► Since then humans and dogs live together mutually
benefiting with each other’s existence.
► In developing countries people keep pet dogs for protecting
their property from wild animals and human intruders.
► In developed societies people believe that keeping pet dog
reduces their stress, and improve their physical and mental
health.
Small Animals-definition, importance and
health benefits (Contd.)
4. ► The devotion of dogs to men is unparallel to the animal
world, even in the age of modern and sophisticated instrument
and equipment, dogs still have important role to play
especially in security forces.
► The dog squad of Bangladesh Army, BGB and the Rapid
Action Battalion (RAB), an elite anti-crime and anti-terrorism
unit of the Bangladesh Police are still using dogs for the
security purpose.
► Dogs have lived with and worked with humans in so many
roles that their loyalty has earned them the sobriquet man's
best friend.
► Some cultures like Koreans consider dogs as food
Small Animal-definition, importance and
health benefits (Contd.)
5. ► The cat has been living in close association with humans for
at least 3500 years
► Egyptians routinely used cats to keep mice and other rodents
away from their grain.
► Bengal cats are social, extroverted cats that love human
companionship and like being part of whatever's going on.
► They often attach strongly to one person, demanding
constant attention from that person.
► In Bangladesh, the cat has become a popular pet in recent
years especially in megacities where keeping large pets is
difficult due to limitations in spaces.
Small Animal-definition, importance and
health benefits (Contd.)
6. ► Research has also shown that pet ownership can prolong
both length and quality of life by reducing stress, blood
pressure, anxiety, and depression.
► Under proper supervision, pet ownership also teaches
children about responsibility, caring, and commitment.
► Since pets share the same environment with humans, they
constitute an important reservoir of diseases.
► Household pets have been found to play a direct role in
transmitting zoonosis.
► Review of literatures revealed that at least 36 important
diseases are acquired from dogs and cats worldwide,
Small Animal-definition, importance and
health benefits
13. Small Animals situation in Bangladesh
► According to the report of Directorate General of Health
Services (DGHS) there are about 16 lakh dogs in Bangladesh
and among them 1.5 lakh are street dogs in Dhaka city.
► Keeping dogs and cats in a house have several benefits,
however they are also a major threat for human health.
► Besides biting, they transfer several diseases.
► It is estimated that sixty to one hundred number of zoonotic
diseases could be transferred from dog to human.
► Dogs are biting about 665 people every day in Bangladesh
and 66,000 people annually in Dhaka city and 95% of this dog
biting transmitting Rabies.
► According to report of Rabies in Asia Foundation
Bangladesh is one of the member of the highest 3 countries
where a lot of people die due to Rabies.
14. Small Animal Medicine
► Veterinary Small Animal Internal Medicine is defined as the specialty
branch of veterinary medicine concerned with non-surgical diseases in
small animals.
Small animal internal medicine are often working in the following
areas:
•Conditions involving the gastrointestinal tract. Including those of the
esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and the small and large intestine. Some
of the diseases in this system are inflammatory bowel disease and
pancreatitis. Also the diagnosis and treatment of conditions involving
diarrhea, esophageal dysfunction, and vomiting.
•Clinical nutrition; including dietary issues, prescription diets, and the
management of obesity and weight loss.
•Disease conditions involving the urinary system; including the kidneys,
ureters, urethra and urinary bladder.
•Diseases of the endocrine system, including but not limited to:
conditions of the adrenal, parathyroid, pituitary and thyroid gland(s),
endocrine pancreas and theriogenology.
15. •Conditions and diseases of the liver, including but not limited to: Copper storage
disease, chronic active hepatitis, portosystemic shunts, and hepatic lipidosis.
•The study and treatment of respiratory conditions, including diseases of the
nasopharnyx, larynx, upper and lower airways.
•Hematologic disorders and disorders of the bone marrow, including but
not limited to: clotting disorders, anemia, transfusion medicine, and Mycoplasma
infections.
•Infectious diseases including but not limited to: FeLV, FIV, FIP, heartworm, babesiosis,
rickettsial infections, Lyme disease, and leptospirosis.
•Pharmacology including indications, contraindications, drug interactions, and adverse
drug effects
•Dermatology
•Immunology
•Perform pain assessments and general anesthesia including administering,
monitoring, and recovery for patients with internal medicine conditions
Small Animals Internal Medicine (Contd.
16. Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Sub-phylum : Vertebrata
Class : Mammalia
Order : Carnivora
Family : Canidae
Genus : Canis
Species : Canis lupus
Sub-species: C.l. familiaris
► Dog is also a term used by breeders to specifically denote a male
domestic dog.
► Bitch is a female dog who is capable of breeding or has bred.
► Pack is used to denote a group of dogs.
► Puppy is a juvenile dog.
► Pooch, pochie, doggy, pup, pupsie, doggy or doggie is all informed and
affectionate terms for a dog often used by children.
Scientific classification & terminology of dog
17. Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Sub-phylum : Vertebrata
Class : Mammalia
Order : Carnivora
Family : Felidae
Genus : Felis
Species : Felis silvestris
Sub-species: F. s. catus
► A group of cats is referred to as a clowden, while a male cat is
called a tom, and a female is called a queen or quean.
► An immature cat is called a kitten (which is also an alternate
name for young rats, rabbits, hedgehogs, beavers and squirrels).
Scientific classification & terminology of cat
18. Laboratory Animals Medicine
► Laboratory Animal Medicine is recognized by American
Veterinary Medical Association as the specialty field within
Veterinary Medicine that is concerned with the diagnosis,
treatment and prevention of diseases in animals used as
subjects in biomedical activities.
► The use of animal models in biomedical research is based on
the axiom that fundamentally there is only one medicine for
humans and animals.
► The principles taught in both the preclinical and clinical
phases of the veterinary medical curriculum apply to all
animal species.
19. Laboratory Animals Medicine (Contd.
► By gaining familiarity with one more significant unique
biologic features of laboratory animal species that are at times
kept as family pets, learning of the more commonly seen
disease processes and applying knowledge and skills acquired
during professional training, a graduate veterinarian should be
capable of providing health care to these animals with a
reasonable degree of competence that will improve with
experience.
► With the increasing concentration of the nation’s population
in large cities and the resultants problems with confinement of
the more traditional companion animals, the popularity of
small mammals like rabbit, guinea pig, mice, rat, gerbil,
hamster; repties and birds are expected to increase.
20. Zoo Animal Medicine
►Veterinary Medicine mainly deals with domestic
animals and birds but the zoological Medicine
includes almost the entire spectrum of both domestic
and wild animals.
► Zoological medicine has two major divisions like
Zoo Medicine (captive wild animals) and Wildlife
Medicine (free living wild animals) but there are
instances in which these divisions overlap.
► For example, some free-living animals have been
captured and raised in captivity for use in wildlife
research, in other cases, domestic animals have been
held in zoo for exhibition.
21. Zoo animal medicine:
Zoo animal medicine is a branch of veterinary
medicine which deals with the health management of
captive wild animals. Zoo animal medicine concerned
with the medical problems of captive wild animals. It
also includes biological characteristics comprising
anatomy, physiology, pathology, reproduction,
nutrition, ethology and management.
Wild animal medicine:
Wild animal medicine is a branch of veterinary
medicine which deals with the health management of
free living wild animals.
22. S/N Zoo animal Medicine Wild animal Medicine
1 Deals with medical problems of
captive wild animals
Deals with medical problems
of free living wild animals
2 Clinical medicine is an important
aspect
Population medicine is an
important aspect
3 Health of the individual is a high
priority
Health of the population is its
highest priority
4 Individual animal therapy is
possible and not so difficult
Individual animal therapy is
difficult and impossible in
most cases
5 Preventive medicine for zoo
animals is more likely related to
husbandry
Preventive medicine for wild
life is more closely related to
life management
Difference between Zoo animal Medicine &
Wild animal Medicine
23. Importance/ significance of zoo animal medicine:
1) To preserve the rare and endangered animals
2) To increase the number of rare and economically valuable animals by
breeding practices
3) For production of crossbred animals
4) To increase the concern about ecological value or balance
5) To increase knowledge about zoo animal medicine
6) For recreation purpose by establishing zoo
7) To give knowledge about importance of zoo animal in nature
8) To create a friendship behavior between wild animal and human
9) To make friendship behavior with other countries by exchanging the
rare animals in our countries
10) To know about the nature of wild life
11) To create a self employing and job facilities in zoo
12) For research facilities of zoo veterinarian
13) Knowledge about zoonosis for human welfare
14) Diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of disease of zoo
animals
24. Zoo mended:
Zoo Mended are designed in an acronym
“CARER” where
C=Conservation.
A= Animal Welfare.
R=Research.
E= Education &
R=Recreation
25. Definition of Zoo:
A zoo (zoological park or zoological garden, and also called a
menagerie) is a facility in which animals are confined within enclosures,
displayed to the public, and in which they may also be bred.
Zoo animals:
The animals which are caught and kept in zoological garden.
Safary Park:
A safari park, sometimes known as a wildlife park, is a zoo-like
commercial tourist attraction where visitors can drive in their own
vehicles or ride in vehicles provided by the facility to observe freely
roaming animals. e.g. Bangabondhu Shekh Mujibur Rahman Safari park.
Ecopark:
The parks are public green areas. It's areas generally having abundance
of trees and plants, grass and various facilities (such as benches,
playgrounds, fountains and other equipment) that allow to enjoy the
leisure and rest.
26. In a zoo, the animals are inside an enclosed habitat
and the people look at the animals from the outside.
In a safari, people enter the habitat (usually large,
open fields or spaces) where the animals are. Safaris
can take place in the wild, too.
A safari is a journey, a zoo is a place. There are large
zoos (otherwise known as "safari parks" ) where you
can take a safari - i.e., journey among the animals.
Zoo vs. Safari
27. Zoo in Bangladesh
1. Dhaka zoo*
2. Rangpur zoo*
3. Chittagong zoo*
4. Rajshahi zoo
5. Comilla zoo
6. Bonbilash zoo: at Jahanabath cantonment, Khulna
7. Kurmitola Golf club mini zoo: at Dhaka cantonment
8. Araynnaloy mini zoo: Savar cantonment
9. Bangabondhu Shekh Mujibur Rahman Safari park
(Dulahazara safari park)*: at Coxes’ bazaar
10. Bangabondhu Shekh Mujibur Rahman Safari park,
Gazipur
11. Sithesh Ranjan Dey mini zoo: at Maulavibazar
*under SAZARC (South Asian Zoo Association for Regional
Co-operation)
