Anatomy

1. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Dr. Suyashi

2. Introduction
 Components Of CVS
– Heart
– Blood Vessels
– Blood
 Two types of Circulation
– Systemic circulation
– Pulmonary circulation

3. HEART
 Conical hollow muscular organ
 4 chambers
– Right and left atria
– Right and left ventricles
 Septum
– Interatrial septum
– Interventricular septum

5. Pericardium
 Fibro serous sac
– encloses heart and roots of great vessels
 Consists of
– Fibrous pericardium
– Serous pericardium
 Parietal layer – fused with fibrous
pericardium
 Visceral layer – fused to heart

6. Pericardial Cavity
 Potential space- parietal and visceral
pericardium
 thin film of serous fluid

7. Wall of Heart
 Three layers
– Epicardium
– Myocardium
– Endocardium

8. Position of Heart
 Obliquely behind body of sternum
 1/3 right to the median plane other
2/3 left to median plane

9. Base of Heart
– Formed by left atrium and small
part of right atrium
– Opening of pulmonary veins
– Forms posterior surface of heart
Apex of Heart
– Formed by left ventricle
– Directed downward, forward to left
– Left 5th intercostal space 3 ½ inches
lateral to mid sternal line
(just medial to left midclavicular line

11. Right Atrium
 External extension – right auricle
 3 main openings
– Superior vena cava
– Inferior vena cava
– Coronary sinus
 Interior
– Smooth posterior part
– Rough anterior/pectinate part (musculi pectinati)
– Septal wall
• Receives blood from whole body and pumps to
right ventricle through right AV orifice

13. Left atrium
 External extension – left auricle
 2 Pulmonary veins open into atrium
(each side of posterior wall)
• Interior
– Greater part smooth
– Musculi Pectinati - auricle
 Receives oxygenated blood from lungs
– 4 pulmonary veins
 Pumps to left ventricle through left AV orifice

14. Right Ventricle
 Receives blood from right atrium
 Pumps to lungs through pulmonary artery
 Interior:
1)Rough part (inflowing part) -trabecular carneae
- Papillary muscles
Other end connects to cusps of AV valves through chordae tendinae
2) Smooth part (outflowing part) -infundibulum
3) 2 orifices – tricuspid, pulmonary

15. RIGHT VENTRICLE

16. Left Ventricle
 Receive oxygenated blood from left atrium
 Pumps into aorta
 Forms apex of heart
 Interior
1) Rough part (inflowing)
2)Smooth part(outflow) – Aortic vestibule
3) 2 orifices – mitral, aortic
 Wall Thickness –
Left ventricle>>> Right Ventricle

17. Valves of Heart
1) Atrioventricular Valves
– Left – bicuspid / mitral ( 2flaps)
– Right – tricuspid ( 3flaps)
– Papillary muscles and chordae tendinae
prevent them from eversion towards atria
2) Semilunar Valves- aortic and pulmonary
–3 cusps – directly attached to vessel wall
–Blood caught in cusps push them to
close position

18. Murmurs
 Turbulent flow through narrowed orifice cause abnormal sound
 Stenosis
– Mitral valve stenosis
– Aortic valve stenosis
 Regurgitation
– Aortic valve regurgitation
– Mitral valve regurgitation

19. Blood flow through heart

20. Coronary Circulation

21. CARDIAC DOMINANCE
 Determined by the artery that gives posterior interventricular artery
 Right coronary artery then coronary circulation- right-dominant
 Circumflex artery, a branch of the left coronary artery- left-dominant
 Both right coronary artery and circumflex artery- co-dominant

22. Conducting system of Heart