This document discusses the memristor, which is described as the fourth basic circuit element along with the resistor, capacitor, and inductor. It provides details on what a memristor is, why it is called a memristor, how it works, its appearance and invention, types of memristors, applications, advantages, disadvantages, and its potential role in replacing transistors and as logic gate circuits. The key points are that a memristor is a passive and non-linear two-terminal element whose resistance depends on the amount and direction of charge that has previously flowed through it, allowing it to remember the last resistance.

1. MEMRISTOR-THE FOURTH
BASIC ELEMEMT
By,
R.U.SuryaNarayanan.

2. MEMRISTOR
A Memristor is a passive non-linear two terminal electrical
component considered to be the Fourth circuit element in
addition to the existing circuit elements inductor, capacitor
and Resistor.

3. MEMRISTOR DETAILS IN
SHORT
Memristor
Type Passive
Working principle Memristance
Invented Leon Chua (1971)
Electronic symbol

4. WHY THIS NAME
Like a resistor, It creates and maintains a safe
flow of electrical current across a device and
also it can remember last charge flow through
it.
Memory + Resistor=Memristor
It is different from a normal resistor as it can
remember the last charge flow through even
when the supply is turned off.

5. APPEARANCE OF MEMRISTOR
It was first appeared in the paper “Memristor The Missing
Circuit Element” in 1971 published by Leon Chua.
He is a proffessor in the university of California.
The First Practical model was developed by R. Stanley
Williams from HP.

6. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF
MEMRISTOR
Memristance is a property of an electronic component. If
charge flows in one direction through a circuit, the resistance
of that component of the circuit will increase, and if charge
flows in the opposite direction in the circuit, the resistance
will decrease. If the flow of charge is stopped by turning off
the applied voltage, the component will 'remember' the last
resistance that it had, and when the flow of charge starts
again the resistance of the circuit will be what it was when it
was last active

7. WORKING OF MEMRISTOR
A physical memristor conistst of two platinum electrodes and its resistance
based on polarity,magnitude and length.
 When a voltage is applied across the two terminals, as shown above – the
oxygen atoms in the material disperse towards left or right. And then, the
material will become thinner or thicker depending on the polarity of the
voltage, thus causing a change in the resistance.
When the voltage is turned Off, the resistance remains as it did just before it
switched off.
This makes a memristor non volatile memory device.

8. A PIPE AS A MEMRISTOR
Imagine you are having a pipe which diameter
changes with volume of flow of water.
If the volume of water flow is high, the
diamter of pipe also high.
If the volume of walter flows is less,the
diameter of pipe also less.
If the Water flow Is stopped it remins in the
same diameter when it experience the last
flow of water.

9. TYPES OF MEMRISTORS
Memristors are classified into two types.
They are:
1.Ionic Thin Film And Molecular Memristors
2.Magnetic and spin based Memristors
Ionic Thin Film And Molecular memristors:
Molecular and ionic thin film resistors depend on thin film
atomic lattices that display hysteresis below charge.

10. IONIC THIN FILM AND
MOLECULAR MEMRISTOR TYPES
Titanium Dioxide Memristors.
Ionic or Polymeric Memristors.
Di-electric type.
Resononant tunneling diode memristors.
Magnatite Memristors.

11. MAGNETIC AND SPIN BASED
MEMRISTORS AND TYPES
Spin based memristors are opposite to
ionic and molecule based memristor and rely
on the property of degree in electron spin.In
this type, polrization of electron spin is aware.
Types:
1.Spintronic Memristors.
2.Spin Torque transfer memristors.

12. APPLICATIONS OF
MEMRISTORS
The main application of memristor is memory. It
has Other Advantages too.
Here are the areas Where memristor can be
Used:
1.Computers
2.Logic Circuits
3.Digital memory

13. ADVANTAGES OF MEMRISTOR
It requires less voltage.
It generates less heat.
It will not consume power when idle.
It is non-volatile.
It has good scalability.
It is Superior To Flash memory.

14. DISADVANTAGES OF MEMRISTOR
It is not currently commercially available now.
The speed and performance was suspected.
Since all the data's in computer become non
volatile the reboot will not solve any problem
as DRAM does.

15. MEMRISTOR IN COMPUTERS
It has the property which cannot be
duplicated by other components
(Inductor,Resistor,Capacitor).
Capable of replacing DRAM and Hard Drives.
Quicker boot Ups.
It can use any number between 0 and 1.
Less Voltage consumption.
Work better as it gets smaller.

16. TRANSISTOR REPLACEMENTS
The hungry power consumption of transistor
is a barrier to miniaturization and
microcontroller development.
It act as a crossbar latch to transistor.
In future the computer size become smaller by
the use Memristor.

17. LOGIC GATE CIRCUITS
It can be used in stand alone logic gate.
Can be used to do digital logic implication
instead of NAND.

18. WHY IT IS DELAYED?
There were hundred of memristors built but
many of them need to be perfected.
Needs to eliminate defects.
It has no standard rules of designing.

19. Questions?

20. Thank You.