3. What is Noise?
• A sound, especially one that is loud or unpleasent.
• Noise is unwanted sound Judged to be unpleasant,
loud or disruptive to hearing.
• Noise refers to any external and unwanted
information that interferes with a single
transmission.
• Noise can diminish transmission strength and
disturb overall communication efficiency.
• In communications, noise can be created by radio
waves, Power lines, lightning and bad connection.
4. Types of Noise:-
Noise may be put into following two categories:
1. External Noises, i.e. Noise whose sources are external.
It can be classified into three categories:-
• Atmospheric Noises
• Extraterrestrial Noises
• Man-made Noises or Industrial Noises.
2. Internal Noises in communication, i.e. Noises which get
generated, within the receiver or communication system.
5. Types of Noise:-
It can be put into the following four categories:-
• Thermal, white or Johnson Noise
• Shot Noise
• Transit time Noise
• Miscellaneous internal Noise
6. What is Noise Pollution?
• Noise Pollution, also known as Environmental Noise or
Sound Pollution, is a propagation of noise with harmful
impact on the activity of human and animal life.
• It is generally defined as regular exposure to elevate
sound levels that may lead to adverse effect on human of
Other living organisms.
• It also means the presence of intrusive and unnecessary
sound that can seriously influence human’s Mental and
Physical health.
7. Sources of Noise Pollution:-
1. INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
2. TRANSPORT VEHICLES
3. HOUSEHOLD
4. PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM
5. AGRICULTURAL MACHINES
6. DEFENCE EQUIPMENT
7. MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES
8. INDUSTRIAL SOURCES:
• Progress in technology (industrialization) has resulted in
creating noise pollution.
• Textile mills, printing presses, engineering establishments, and
metal works etc. Contribute heavily towards Noise Pollution.
• In Industrial cities like Kolkata, Ludhiana, Kanpur etc. Often
the industrial zones is not separated to the residential zones of
the city especially in the case of small scale industries.
• The situation is much better in Mirren planned city like
Chandigarh, where the industrial area is kept away from the
residential areas and both are separated to each other by a
sufficiently Wide green belt.
10. TRANSPORT VEHICLES:
• Automobile Revolution in urban centres has proved to be a
big source of Noise Pollution.
• Increasing traffic has given rise to traffic jams in congested
areas where the repeated hooting of horns by impatient
drivers pierce the ears of all road users.
• Noise from airplanes constitutes an increasing serious
problem in big cities like Delhi & Mumbai. Airport situated
in the vicinity of population centres and the air planes pass
over residential areas. Heavy trucks, buses trains, jet-
planes, motor-cycles, scooters, mopeds, jeeps – the list of
vehicles is endless but the outcome is same - noise
12. HOUSEHOLDS:
• The household is an industry in itself and is a source of
many indoor noises such as the banging of doors, noise of
playing children, crying of infants, moving of furniture, loud
conversation of the inhabitants etc.
• Besides these are the entertainment equipment in the
house, namely the radio, record-players and television
sets.
• Domestic gadgets like the mixer-grinders, pressure
cookers, desert coolers, air- conditioners, exhaust fans,
vacuum cleaners, sewing and washing machines are all
indoor sources of noise pollution.
14. PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM:
• In India people need only the slightest of an excuse for
using loud speakers.
• The reason may be a religious function, birth, death,
marriage, elections, demonstration, or just commercial
advertising. Public system, therefore, contributes in its
own way towards noise pollution.
16. AGRICULTURAL MACHINES:
• Tractors, thrashers, harvesters, tube wells, powered tillers
etc. have all made agriculture highly mechanical but at the
same time highly noisy.
• Noise level 90 dB to 98 dB due to running of farm
machines have been recorded in the state of Punjab.
18. DEFENCE EQUIPMENT:
• A lot of noise pollution is added to the atmosphere by
artillery, tanks, launching of rockets, explosions,
exercising of military airplanes and shooting practices.
• Screams of jet engines and sonic booms have a
deafening impact on the ears and in extreme cases have
been known to shatter the window panes and old
dilapidated buildings.
20. MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES:
• The automobile repair shops, construction-works,
blasting, bulldozing, stone crushing etc. are other sources
of noise pollution.
23. EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION:
1. Noise Pollution Causes Death and Disease in Humans and
Animals-
• Noise can directly impact the health of humans and animals. For
example, chronic exposure to noise above the 55 decibels (dB)
level can increase the chances of developing cardiovascular
diseases. According to World Health Organization (WHO), an
estimated one million healthy years of life are lost annually in
Europe alone due to the adverse effects of traffic noise. The
majority of these years lost are due to cardiovascular diseases,
including heart attacks, high blood pressure, and coronary heart
disease. According to studies, high noise levels trigger the release
24.
25. EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION:
• Animals can also die due to noise pollution for the same reasons.
The effect of high decibels on animal health was clearly evident
during India's Diwali festival, as pets searched for cover during
the fireworks celebration.
2. Noise Pollution Creates Adverse Changes in Human Behavior-
• Research has shown that aircraft noise impacts the reading skill
development in children attending schools near busy airports.
Exposure to noise is also stressful for adults and has negative
impacts on their behavior, which can result in lower levels of
patience, irritable behavior, and provoking anger.
26. EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION:
3. Noise Pollution Impacts the Predator-Prey Relationship-
• When noise created by human activity penetrates the wild
environment, it disturbs the natural processes. When this
occurs, predators may be unable to successfully locate
prey and go hungry, or prey are unable to protect
themselves against predators. For example, research has
shown that noise produced by ships compromise the anti-
predator behavior exhibited by eels and crabs.
4. Noise Pollution Alters the Behavior of Wildlife-
27. EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION:
• Species do not rely on sound only for catching prey or
defending themselves against predators, but also for
many other common activities. A range of other behaviors
like locating food, finding a mate, and locating an offspring
or a parent all depend on sound.
• Many species like the red deer exhibit their desirability
and dominance through vocalizations. Thus, a disturbance
due to high noise levels in wild habitats on land or
underwater can create great havoc in the lives of these
animals. For example, military sonar has been associated
with the stranding or beaching of whales on land.
28. EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION:
5. Bird Diversity Is Reduced Due to Noise-
• Birds often fail to thrive in areas with high noise levels
over a long period of time. Fewer birds are thus seen near
busy urban areas and roadways where levels of noise are
highest. Robins in urban areas have exhibited the
behavior of changing their singing times to coincide with
quieter periods during the day. Similarly, other birds have
shown the ability to raise the frequency of their calls to
reduce the masking of their voice by urban noise.
However, species that cannot adapt to high noise levels in
urban areas may, unfortunately, leave the area. As a
result, the diversity of bird species is low in such areas.
