This PowerPoint presentation is very useful to understand the concept of Hydrogen vehicles and provide knowledge on. how it is different from Electric vehicles.

1. VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY BELGAUM
CAMBRIDGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
K R PURAM, BENGALURU-560036
2019-2020

2. TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON
“HYDROGEN VEHICLE”

3. Under the Guidance of
Prof. NAVEEN KUMAR A
SUBMITTED BY:-
NAME:- SUMIT KUMAR
USN-1CD16ME098

4. Introduct
ion
Hydroge
n
vehicle
Production
Of 𝑯 𝟐
construction
CONCLUSION
Literature
survey
Air Quality
Human Being
HYDROGEN VEHICAL CONCEPT

5. HYDROGEN VEHICLE

6. INTRODUCTION
• A hydrogen vehicle is a vehicle that uses hydrogen fuel for motive
power. Hydrogen vehicles include hydrogen-fuel space rockets, as well
as automobiles and other transportation vehicles.
• Hydrogen cars’ only emission is a nice mist of water that you could
drink. Hydrogen cars still leave a footprint but not near as much as a
gasoline engine. Remember you still need lubricants, motor oil,
synthetic oil, grease, etc.
• As of 2019, there are three models of hydrogen cars publicly available
in select markets: the Toyota Mirai, the Hyundai Nexus, and the
Honda Clarity. Several other companies are working to develop
hydrogen cars

7. • As the World grapples to eliminating fossil fuel from energy diet, the electric car seems
incredible boom over past few years last year 1 million electric cars sold around the world the
number Nissan leave Tesla and another Electric vehicle in circulation worldwide is now more
than 3 million while their many brand Electric car chooses from there are only two choices
when come to powering electric vehicles.
1) Fuel Cell
2) Batteries
• Both produce electricity to drive electric motor eliminating the pollution and inefficient of fossil fuel
power Internal Combustion Engine both Hydrogen and Electricity for the battery can produce from Low
or Zero-carbon source including Renewable source of energy like solar and wind therefor both pursuit
car manufacture and research as possible future of electric vehicle however the support of each
technology Elon musk is called hydrogen fuel technology incredibly dumb calming most American
employee for automaker no long term solution.

8. • contrast, Japan is Announce its intention to become the world-first Hydrogen Society Japanese
Government and Auto -Industry working together introduce 160 hydrogen stations and FCV by march
2021. So, which is better at first glance hydrogen seem like an extremely clever way to power a car
compressible hydrogen have specific energy to 40,000wh/kg lithium-ion are best as specific energy
278wh/kg for most fall around 167 that 236x per kilogram for hydrogen became of energy density and
lightweight nature compressible hydrogen and fuel cell can power car extended range without adding
much weight
Fig 3.3: specific Energy of Hydrogen fuel and lithium-ion battery

9. • The designer of electric vehicle are cot and caught 2020 with energy, density, and range each extra
kilogram battery weight to increase range require extra structure weight, heavier brake, highly
torque motor and intern more battery to carry around extra mass this weight conforming limit, how
far battery power vehicle travel until new technology can help reduce the weight of the battery.
Fig 3.4: Graph of Range vs vehicle weight

10. • For hydrogen vehicle this weight compounding is not a issues additionally hydrogen fuel cell
vehicle can be refueled under 5 minutes where battery power vehicle like tesla model takes 3 hours
to fully charge .when looking charge and fuel time hydrogen over you and see why some car
manufacture and investor in this technology on the face of it hydrogen in clear winner but it behind
when we start considering an end to end production procedure while both battery and
• high hydrogen fuel cell and both formed electricity store cost differ drastically.
Fig 3.5: Comparison of Tesla model 3 and Toyota Mirai

11. LITERATURE SURVEY
HTAP SURVEY, 2008
• The Hydrogen Technical Advisory Panel (HTAP) conducted a survey of individuals
in research, industry, and government who were involved in or interested in
hydrogen. Of 77 persons on the original contact list, 52 questionnaires were
returned – 49 completed and three blanks. Survey respondents were categorized
as follows:
• Industry, 36%
• Government, 23%
• Non-profit, 14%
• University, 9%
• Other (including national laboratory respondents), 18%
• The survey was a prepared questionnaire and contained both closed-end ratings
(e.g., good, acceptable, poor) and open-end requests for comments. Both
telephone interviews and mailed-in responses were used. Telephone interviews,
conducted by HTAP members, were expected to take 30-45 minutes to complete.

12. EUROPEAN COMMISSION ACCEPT H2 SURVEYS, 1998
• This three-part study was managed by Altmann and Gräsel for the European Commission during 1997 and
1998. Results were published in September 1998.
• The surveys were conducted in Germany to determine the level of acceptance of hydrogen technologies, to
ascertain the level of knowledge about hydrogen technologies, and to establish whether there was a
demand for additional information about hydrogen technologies. Two population groups were surveyed –
secondary school students and passengers on a hydrogen-powered bus.
• A subgroup of students who rode the hydrogen-powered bus was analyzed separately. Because this is the
only survey that specifically targeted students, it is reported in detail.
Survey of Bus Passengers
• The bus survey was conducted of passengers boarding a hydrogen-powered bus. The survey
of bus passengers was similar to, but shorter than, the survey of students (e.g., no
knowledge questions were asked). Every tenth person boarding the bus was interviewed; of
a total of 145 persons, 80 were women and 65 were men. The average age was 40 years.
• In the free association task, passenger responses were categorized as follows: chemical
knowledge directly related to hydrogen (23%), chemical knowledge indirectly related to
hydrogen (9%), hydrogen technologies (6%), the Hindenburg (0.1%), hydrogen bomb
(13%), threat/danger (5%), positive assessment or environmental friendliness (40%), and
other (3%).
• A high level of acceptance for the hydrogen bus was indicated (a score of 4.28 out of a
possible 5). The danger of explosion, however, was noted as a slight concern.

13. Student Survey
• A total of 410 students at three schools in Germany participated. The questionnaire, which was
filled out in classrooms at the schools, required about 30 minutes to complete.
• In the first part of the survey, students were asked to name everything they could think of related to
the term “hydrogen.” Although there was no score for this free association task, the responses were
classified into categories; one purpose of this exercise was to ascertain whether the students would
associate hydrogen with positive or negative terms. The results of the classification are as follow:
chemical knowledge directly related to hydrogen (59%), chemical knowledge indirectly related to
hydrogen (7%), hydrogen technologies (11%), the Hindenburg (0.3%), hydrogen bomb (9%),
threat/danger (3%), positive assessment or environmental friendliness (3.4%), and other (8%).
• To assess the students’acceptance of hydrogen technologies, eight statements were rated by the
students on a 5-point scale, from “disagree completely” to “agree completely.” The average scores
on each of the eight statements were very positive – all but two were over 4. The results of one of
the two negative statements indicated that students would generally not be willing to pay more for
hydrogen (for fuel) than for gasoline. The other indicated that students felt that hydrogen is
dangerous because of potential explosions. The overall average score was 4.04 (out of 5), with a
standard deviation of 0.56.

14. Production of Hydrogen
• let take deeper the production process before any hydrogen vehicle hit the
road, first need to produce hydrogen but hydrogen not readily energy source
even though hydrogen is a most abundant element in the universe, its
usually store in water. Hydrocarbon such as Methane and other The
Hydrogen required more energy to produce to under the economical
viability of hydrogen Organic matter one of the challenges using hydrogen as
an energy store mechanism that comes from being available to extract from
the compound. In united states of America (USA) the majority of Hydrogen
through a process called Steam reforming,
• The Hydrogen can produce by the following process
• 1) Steam Reforming
• 2) Electrolysis
• 3) Gasification

15. STEAM REFORMING
Fig 5.1: Diagrammatic representation of steam reforming
The steam→ methane reforming reaction
𝐶𝐻4+𝐻2𝑂+𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 →𝐶𝑂+3𝐻2
Steam reforming of methane is the most common method for producing hydrogen today. It starts with liquids or gases
containing hydrogens, like natural gas or sustainable biogas sourced from landfills. The fuel then reacts with steam at high
temperatures in a reformer, leaving you with hydrogen.
Steam reforming or steam methane reforming is a chemical synthesis for producing syngas (and carbon monoxide) from
hydrocarbon such as Natural Gas. This is achieved in a reformer which reacts steam at high temperature and pressure with
Methane in the presence of a nickel catalyst. The steam methane reformer is widely used in the industry to make hydrogen.

16. ELECTROLYSIS
Fig 5.2: Diagrammatic representation of hydrolysis
2𝑂𝐻−→2𝑒−+ 𝑂221/+𝐻2𝑂
2𝑒−+2𝐻2𝑂→𝐻2 +2𝑂𝐻−
Hydrogen can also be produced by separating water into its two primary elements — hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2).
This process, known as electrolysis, passes an electrical current through the water to extract hydrogen. The electricity
can be sourced from clean, renewable energy such as wind, solar or hydro. Electrolysis is a promising option for
hydrogen production from renewable resources.
Electrolysis is the process of using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. This reaction takes place in a unit
called an electrolyzer. Electrolyzers can range in size from small, appliance-size equipment that is well-suited for small-
scale distributed hydrogen production to large-scale, central production facilities that could be tied directly to renewable
or other non-greenhouse-gas-emitting forms of electricity production.

17. GASIFICATION
Fig 5.3 Diagrammatic representation of Gasification
• Biomass gasification is a mature technology pathway that uses a controlled process involving heat, steam, and
oxygen to convert biomass to hydrogen and other products, without combustion. Because growing biomass
removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, the net carbon emissions of this method can be low, especially
if coupled with carbon capture, utilization, and storage in the long term.
• Gasification plants for biofuels are being built and operated and can provide the best practices and lessons
learned for hydrogen production. The U.S. Department of Energy anticipates that biomass gasification could
be deployed in the near-term timeframe.
Simplified reaction C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O → CO + CO2 + H2 + other species
Water-gas shift reaction CO + H2O → CO2 + H2 (+ small amount of heat)

18. CONSTRUCTION

19. • Power Control Unit:
• The Power Control Unit (PCU) decides when to use stored energy from the battery or to draw
energy directly from the fuel cell system. This is part of what makes Mirai so energy efficient and
is based on the proven Toyota hybrid PCU found in Prius.2
• As the car’s energy manager and brain, the power control unit draws electricity from the fuel stack
and sends it to the motor. During acceleration, it draws stored energy from the battery for an extra
boost.
Fig: Toyota Mirai Power control Unit

20. • 5. Electric Motor:
Fig Toyota Mirai Electric motor
• As electricity passes through the motor, it polarizes the stator—a stationary ring around the rotor—to
create a rotating magnetic field. Magnets mounted on the rotor align with that field and spin at the same
rate to power the drivetrain. The more electricity that’s sent to the motor, the faster the field spins and the
faster the cargoes.
• When braking and coasting, the motor generates electricity for the battery

21. Hydrogen Tank:
• Two carbon-fiber tanks store 11 pounds of hydrogen fuel under very high pressure (10,000 psi). In
emergencies (e.g., a crash), sensors trigger shutoff valves to keep hydrogen from escaping the
tank. It all starts with hydrogen.
• When you pump hydrogen into the vehicle, it travels to carbon-fiber-reinforced fuel tanks where
it’s stored. A vehicle as ground-breaking and revolutionary as the hydrogen-fuelled Toyota Mirai
is coupled with equally ground-breaking and revolutionary technology.
1. Inner: polymer-lined layer to hold the hydrogen
2. Middle: the structural layer of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer to provide strength
3. Outer: fiber-glass reinforced polymer layer to help protect from surface abrasions

22. • Battery: Unlike in traditional electric cars, the nickel-metal hydride battery in the Mirai stores only
excess energy for use during ignition and acceleration.
• Airflow: The intake grill sends oxygen—a crucial component in the mix—to the fuel cell stack
• Fuel Cell :In their most basic form, fuel cells contain an anode, cathode, and a polymer electrolyte
membrane (PEM). Because each cell generates little voltage on its own, engineers string them together in
a series—or a stack.
• The Mirai’s stack contains 370 cells, each working to transform stored chemical energy into electricity.
Here’s how. In each cell, hydrogen runs through a flow field plate to the anode. There, a platinum-cobalt
catalyst splits the hydrogen molecules into positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons.
• Then, the PEM permits the hydrogen ions to pass through to the cathode, but it stops electrons, forcing
them instead to travel an outer circuit, creating an electric current. Finally, electrons and ions meet up
with oxygen at the cathode to form water, which is emitted primarily as vapor.

23. AIR QUALITY REPORT
Fig : Air quality of India due to pandemic COVID19

24. Air pollution death rate :

25. CONCLUSION
• Hydrogen cars may be a great idea in the future, but they’re not economically viable
right now. Hydrogen cars are not a solution right now, but they will be. Twenty years ago,
people said hybrid cars were not worth pursuing. Hydrogen cars drive and feel the same
as a normal vehicle, even with the added load as a result of the hydrogen fuel tank. BMW
Hydrogen 7 is another example of hydrogen fuel cell technology.
• The purpose of the HFCIT surveys is, first, to assess the current state of awareness and
understanding of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies and the hydrogen economy within
four target populations to establish a baseline.
• In the surveys that addressed technical knowledge, the knowledge levels about hydrogen
were very low. Therefore, Tests for knowledge (as differentiated from opinions) must be
carefully crafted. Questions should be sufficiently basic to ensure that respondents
understand the question. This level of understanding will differ across the four target
populations.
• Secondly, the same questions used in the initial HFCIT survey will be used again three
years hence, to measure changes in the baseline of knowledge and opinions. This set of
surveys is unique in this respect. The questions must, therefore, be relevant outside of any
time context, and they must be sufficiently difficult to allow for measurable improvement
in performance with them.

26. REFERENCE
• PRIMARY SOURCES
• Breakthrough Technologies Institute, Survey Results – Fuel Cell Education Survey, conducted by
Bill Frederick Communications, Palm Harbor, Florida, accessible via the FuelCell2000 library at
http://www.fuelcells.org/biblio.htm, 2002.
• European Commission, EUROBAROMETER – Energy: Issues, Options and Technologies, Science
and Society, The European Opinion Research Group,
http://europa.eu.int/comm/public_opinion/archives/eb/ebs_169.pdf, December 2002.
• European Commission, The Acceptance of Hydrogen Technologies, study carried out by Matthias
Altmann, Ludwig-Bölkow-System Technik GmbH, Ottobrunn, Germany, and Cornelia Gräsel,
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Institute for Educational Psychology, München,
Germany, www.hyweb.de/accepth2, September 1998.
• Hydrogen Technology Advisory Panel (HTAP), Survey Report, May 4, 1998, available from
http://www.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/advisory_panels.html, May 1998.
• Millennium Cell and U.S. Borax Inc., “Harris Poll Shows Americans’ Early Preferences and
Requirements for Hydrogen Fuel-Powered Vehicles: Safety, Cost, and Vehicle Range Are Key
Consumer Needs,” http://www.millenniumcell.com/cgi-
bin/news.pl?function=detail&id=06112003, June 11, 2003.
• Rocky Mountain Poll, “Reducing U.S. Dependency on Foreign Oil: 35 MPG Requirements and
Emerging Hydrogen Fuel Technology Seen as Important Strategies,” Behavior Research Centre,
Inc., Phoenix, Arizona, Report 2002-IV-14, http://www.brcpolls.com/pra02.htm , November 2002.