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Case history
- 2. INTRODUCTION Case history is an important and integral part of the treatment, a treatment of the disease or condition starts with its proper diagnosis and this can be done successfully only by taking down on a paper. Aimed to arrive at accurate diagnosis .
- 3. DEFINITION Case history is defined as a planned professional conversation between the patient and clinician where the patient expresses his symptoms, fears and feelings to the clinician so that the nature of real and suspected illness and mental attitude may be determined. - Malcolm A Lynch
- 4. objective's I. To establish a positive professional relationship. 2. To provide the dentist with information concerning the patient's past and present medical, dental, and personal history. 3. To provide the dentist with information that may be necessary for making a diagnosis 4. To provide information that aids the dentist in making decisions concerning treatment.
- 5. Diagnosis sequence Detection and examination of abnormalities History and examination of patient Reexamination Classification o( the abnormalities List of possible diagnoses Development of differential diagnosis Development of working diagnosis Final diagnosis.
- 6. Methods of obtaining Patient history Interview Health questionnaire Combination Of these
- 7. COMPONENTS DEMOGRAPHIC DATA CHIEF COMPLAINT HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS MEDICAL HISTORY DENTAL HSTORY FAMILY HISTRY ENERAL EXAMINATION • EXTRA ORAL EXAMINATION • INTRA ORAL EXAMINATION • PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS • INVESTIGATIONS • FINAL DIAGNOSIS • TREATMENT PLAN
- 8. Demographic data Patient Registration Number Date Name Age Sex Address Occupation Marital Status
- 9. Patient registration number Maintaining record Billing purposes Medico legal aspects • Time of Admission • Reference during follow up visits • Record Maintenance DATE
- 10. Name To communicate with the patient To establish a rapport with the patient Record Maintenance Psychological benefits • For diagnosis • Treatment planning • Behavioural management techniques AGE
- 11. Used to calculate the dose of the drug . CHILD DOSE 1) YOUNG RULE = Child’s age x Adult dose age + 12 2) CLARK RULE Child age at next birthday x Adult dose 24 3) DILLING RULE = Age x Adult dose 20
- 12. Diseases more commonly present at birth Micrognathia Cleft lip & Cleft plate Ankyloglossia Predeciduous dentition Teratoma Haemophilia DISEASES COMMONLY SEEN IN INFANTS • Palatal cyst of new born • Infantile cortical hyperostosis of jaw • Fibrous dysplasia of jaw • Hemangiopericytoma • Thalassemia
- 13. DISEASE PRESENT IN CHILDREN & YOUNG ADULTS - Benign migratory glossitis - Juvenile periodontitis - Pemphigus - Recurrent aphthous stomatitis - Dental caries - Dentigerous cyst - Diphtheria - Rickets - Infectious mononucleosis - Attrition - Abrasion - Gingival recession - Periodontitis - Lichen planus - Ameloblastoma ( 30 – 50) - Trigeminal neuralgia - Fibroma - Verrucous carcinoma - Iron deficiency anemia DISEASE PRESENT IN ADULTS & OLDER PATIENTS
- 14. Sex/gender SINGNIFICANCE-Certain diseases are gender specific: Diseases common in males: Attrition, leukoplakia, cancer like squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, lymphoma etc Diseases common in females: Iron deficiency anemia, Sjogren's syndrome, osteoporosis, recurrent aphthous ulcers etc. Drug interaction :- In females, special consideration must be given to pregnancy & lactation.
- 15. address For future correspondence Gives a view of socio-economic status -to know about the nourishment, hygiene & payment capacity of the patient Prevalence of diseases like fluorosis as a result of increase level of fluorides in water are spread differently in various parts of the country. Dental caries is more common in the industrial areas where as periodontal diseases are more common in rural areas.
- 16. OCCUPATION To asses the socioeconomic status. Predilection of diseases in different occupations E.g.: Hepatitis B is common in dentists & surgeons , blood bank personnel. Attrition - Seen in workers exposed to an atmosphere of abrasive dust. Gingival staining – Seen in people who works with lead, bismuth and cadmium.
- 17. Chief complaint It is usually the reason for the patients visit which is established by asking the patient Should be stated in patients own words Record in chronological order of their appearance and in the order of their severity It aids in the diagnosis and treatment planning and should be given the first priority
- 18. Pain Swelling Bleeding sensation Sores Loose teeth Delayed tooth eruption Dry mouth Excessive salivation Halitosis Paresthesia/ numbness Common chief complaints are
- 19. Associated constitutional symptoms Course since onset Progress Prior therapy Type of therapy Provider of therapy Effect of therapy Dates of therapy Other information • Chief complaint • Total duration • Onset • Date of onset • Manner of onset • Precipitation/predisposing factors Characteristics: onset now • Nature • Severity • Location • Radiating/non radiating • Aggravating factors • Relieving factors SYMPTOM ANALYSIS
- 20. Medical history A. Anaemia B. Bleeding tendencies C. Cardio respiratory disease D. Drugs :use: allergies E. Endocrine disorders F. Fits and faints G. Gastrointestinal disorders H. Hospitalizations • I. Infections • J. Jaundice and liver diseases. • K. Kidney disease • L. Likelihood of pregnancy • M. Malignant disease /radiotherapy/chemo therapy • N. Neurological and psychiatric problems • O. Other relevant conditions • P. Prosthesis and transplants
- 21. Dental history Gives the attitude of the patient towards dentistry Gives general view about how the patient is aware about pursuing oral health If the history of bad experience is present, then the molding behavior is done during behavior management techniques Significant knowledge can be drawn about patients previous treatment, procedures and can be helpful towards present situation
- 22. Family history Family members share their genes, as well as their environment, lifestyles and habits. Risks for diseases such as asthma, diabetes, cancer, and heart disease also run in families. There are also several inherited anomalies & abnormalities that can affect the oral cavity such as congenitally missing lateral incisors, amelogenesis imperfecta, ectodermal dysplasia & cleft lip & cleft palate.
- 23. Personal history HABITS: A tendency towards an act that has become repeated performance relatively fixed, consistent, easy to perform by any individual Various types of habits: Personal habits Para functional habits Adverse habits Masochistic habits/ self destructive habits
- 24. Personal history Patient’s appetite includes diet: Bowel and micturition habit Sleep Social status Menstrual and obstetric history Marital history.