Pollution of air and Water; Class 8 Science

1. Presented by
Adithya S Kanholi
VIII- B
Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 2
Govindapuram, Kozhikode,
Kerala; India.
Pollution of Air and Water

2. A man can do without food for several days
and live a day altogether without waters but it
is impossible to carry on without air even for a
minute.
If a thing that is so very vital to life is not pure,
the result cannot but be deleterious.
Mahatma Gandhi
5th March 1906
Adithya S Kanholi, VIII B, K.V. No. 2 Calicut

3. 5
Adithya S Kanholi, VIII B, K.V. No. 2 Calicut
Pollution
Pollution can also exist as light pollution, thermal pollution and
radioactive pollution.
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural
environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to
the ecosystem.
Different types of pollution, that are caused by natural events
(like forest fires) or by man-made activities. These are further
classified into : Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Soil Pollution; Noise
Pollution.
A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water or soil.

4. Adithya S Kanholi, VIII B, K.V. No. 2 Calicut
Atmosphere composed of various gases. Major gases present are:
(a) Nitrogen – 78% (b) Oxygen – 21% (c) Argon - .93% (d) Carbon Dioxide – 0.03%
(e) Other Gases – 0.04% (like – helium, hydrogen, methane, ozone, etc.) and water
vapours and dust particles.
Air Pollution- contamination of air by noxious gases and minute particles that
have harmful effect on both living and non living things.
Causes that contribute to air pollution are:
▪ Burning fossil fuels
▪ Mining operations
▪ Exhaust gases from factories ; Air conditioners and Refrigators
Air
&
Air Pollution

5. Adithya S Kanholi, VIII B, K.V. No. 2 Calicut
Air pollution
effects
Acid rain- Smoke that comes from a natural or human activity contain lots
of invisible gases. Some of these gases (especially nitrogen oxides and
sulphur dioxide) react with the tiny droplets of water in clouds to form
sulphuric and nitric acids. The rain from these clouds then falls as "acid
rain".
Ozone depletion.
Global warming- caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide,
chlorofluorocarbons and other gases in the air, released by human activity.
In human population –Respiratory problems, allergies, risk for cancer.
Greenhouse effect- warming of Earth’s atmosphere due to the buildup
of heat-trapping gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane.
Smog- kind of air pollution, a mixture of many pollutants, mainly ground
level ozone and fine particulate matter. Sources of smog include: coal-
fired , factories, gasoline and disel powered vechicles, pesticides etc.

6. Adithya S Kanholi, VIII B, K.V. No. 2 Calicut
Reduce emissions
protocol
Kyoto Protocol was adopted on 11 December 1997. Owing to a complex
ratification process, it entered into force on 16 February 2005. Currently,
there are 192 Parties to the Kyoto Protocol.
Protocol establishes comprehensive global standardized frameworks to
measure and manage greenhouse gas.
Several of the National Missions under India’s National Action Plan on
Climate Change provide a basis for policy measures targeting renewables –
especially solar energy – and energy efficiency.
Kyoto Protocol operationalizes the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change by committing industrialized countries and economies in
transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in
accordance with agreed individual targets.

7. Pollution impact
on
monument
Adithya S Kanholi, VIII B, K.V. No. 2 Calicut
The TAJ MAHAL, a historical monument made of pure, white marble. Due to
impact of air pollution around Taj mahal area discolouring of white marble and
corroding is noted which poses a threat to the beauty of Taj Mahal.
Air in this place contains high levels of sulphur and nitrogen oxides. Result of
large number of power plants and industries around this area. Which led to acid
rain. Acid rain reacts with the marble of Taj Mahal and result in corrosion of
marble.
Changing face of Taj Mahal
Marble cancer- When marble come in contact with acids, it corrodes and forms
a layer of Calcium Hydroxide over surface. This deposited layer resembles a
cancerous growth and known as Marble cancer. Taj Mahal is a victim of marble
cancer.

8. Controlling
air pollution
Adithya S Kanholi, VIII B, K.V. No. 2 Calicut
Use smokeless fuels like LPG, PNG (Piped Natural Gas).
Installation of Solar water heaters to obtain hot water
Air pollution from motor vehicles can be reduced by using CNG
(Compressed Natural Gas).
Air pollution from factories, industries, thermal power
stations, oil refineries, etc can be controlled by washing their
smoke and waste gases with jets of water.
The air pollution can be controlled by using non-polluting
sources of energy like solar energy, wind energy and hydro
energy for generating electricity.

9. Water pollution
Adithya S Kanholi, VIII B, K.V. No. 2 Calicut
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies rivers, lakes
and ponds, etc. with the unwanted and harmful substances.
Major pollutants which cause water pollution are : sewage,
fertilizers, pesticides, and industrial wastes, oil spills ie. leakage
of petroleum into the sea.
Major water pollution source can be of two types- Point source
and Non Point sources.
Unwanted and harmful substances which makes the water impure
are called water pollutants.
Point source
• Single point of origin
• Easy to identify,
monitor and regulate
Non point source
• Broad, diffuse areas
• Difficult to identify,
monitor and regulate

10. Adithya S Kanholi, VIII B, K.V. No. 2 Calicut
It is now one of the ten most endangered rivers in the world.
Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1985 to reduce the pollution in the
river.
Over the years large quantities of garbage, untreated sewage, dead
bodies and many other harmful things are directly thrown into the
river.
At some places it has become dead due to pollution and no aquatic
life can survive there.
Increase in population and industrialisation have already damaged the
river beyond repairs.
National Mission for clean Ganga (NMCG) 2016, a new initative was
launched by Govt. of India.
Pollution
in river Ganga
and Action Plan
Ganga supports life in the Northern, Central and Eastern area of India.

11. Pollution
in
Kanpur
Adithya S Kanholi, VIII B, K.V. No. 2 Calicut
Kanpur is one of the most populated towns in Uttar Pradesh.
These industries discharge their waste directly into the river. Discharge
waste include chemicals like arsenic, lead, and fluorides.
People use Ganga for bathing, washing clothes and defecating in the
river
It has 5,000 industries of fertilisers, detergents, leather and paint.
The major industries that discharge harmful chemicals into the rivers,
include:- Oil refineries, Paper factory, Textile, Sugar Mills and
Chemical factories
They dispose garbage, flowers, idols of Gods and Goddesses and non-
biodegradable polythene in the river.
Kanpur is one of the most populated towns in Uttar Pradesh.

12. Harmful effects
Adithya S Kanholi, VIII B, K.V. No. 2 Calicut
Industries don't follow the regulation of treating their wastes before
disposing in water
Pesticides and weedicides get washed into waterbodies from the fields
and pollute the ground water.
The soil is affected by impure water causing change in acidity and
growth of worms.
Ponds appear green because of alge growing in them. This is caused by
excessive chemicals that act as nutrients for alge.
Once the alge die the become food for decomposers like bacteria.
Oxygen gets used up by bacteria . Lack of oxygen kills aquatic animals.
Untreated sewer contains food waste, detergents, micororganisms
such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Micororganisms cause
diseases like cholera, typhoid and jaundice.
Hot water is also a pollutant is raises the temperature of water body
adversely affecting animals and plants living in it.

13. Potable drinking
water
Adithya S Kanholi, VIII B, K.V. No. 2 Calicut
Water which is suitable for dirnking is called Potable Water.
Hot water is also a pollutant is raises the temperature of water
body adversely affecting animals and plants living in it.
Water can be made Potable by various processes such as
boiling, filtiration, chlorination, distillation and other
treatment

14. Preventing water
pollution
Adithya S Kanholi, VIII B, K.V. No. 2 Calicut
Preventing disposal of polluted water into the river.
Laws for industrial unit should be strictly imposed in order to
prevent polluted water not to dispose directly in to river and
lakes.
Installation of water treatment plants in all industrial areas
Follow 3R’s mantra- Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
Educate the public about its harmful effect to human and the
environment.

15. Summary
Adithya S Kanholi, VIII B, K.V. No. 2 Calicut
Pollution
Carbon Monoxide
Sulpher Dioxide
Smog
Chloroflurocarbons
Air
Sewage
Toxic Chemicals
Chemical Contamination
Reduce
Water
Soil Noise
Pollutants
Kyoto Protocol
Reduce
Ganga Action Plan

16. Thanks!