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Madhavan Mukund
https://www.cmi.ac.in/~madhavan
AI — From Lab to Marketplace
Typical situations
• Extrapolate from historicaldata
• From model test scores, predict board exam performance
• Should we give this customer a loan?
• Do these symptoms indicate H1N1?
• Look for patterns in existing data
• Readymade clothes — is S, M, L enough? Add XL?
• Should we sell a combo plan with voice calls plusSMS?
Supervised
learning
Unsupervised
learning
Anomaly detection
Credit card fraud
• Monitorregular transactions
• Location, amount, time, items
purchased
• Flag anomalies
• Proactively block card
• Customer dissatisfaction (false
positives) vs loss due to fraud
Failure prediction
Major printer manufacturer
• Drum failure
• Down time
• Servicing cost — assign support team on the fly
• Track diagnostic codes to predict failure
• Advance warning, better customer experience
• Schedule support visit efficiently, save cost
Recommendation systems
Netflix
• $1 millionprize to improve their in-house
algorithm to recommend movies
• Won by BellKor’s Pragmatic Chaos — two
teams from Bell Core, merged
• When DVD rental was the main business
• Still relevant for online streaming?
• Audience preferences drive content
development
Use of ML is exploding
• Online advertising
• E-commerce recommendations
• Screening applications
• Fraud detection
• Conversationbots
• Smart buildings
• …
• Self driving cars
Below the hood
• Probabilistic
models
Mathematical models for ML
• Regression
• Support
Vector
Machines
• Decision
trees
Mathematical models for ML …
• And, of course, neural networks
Programming for ML
• Open source languages like R and Python
• Built in libraries
• Classical statisticaltests, time-series
analysis, classification,clustering, …
• ML models
• User friendly IDEs
Neural network in Python + Tensorflow
model = keras.Sequential([
keras.layers.Flatten(input_shape=(28,28)),
keras.layers.Dense(128, activation=tf.nn.relu),
keras.layers.Dense(10, activation=tf.nn.softmax)
])
model.compile(optimizer=tf.train.AdamOptimizer(),
loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',
metrics=[‘accuracy’])
model.fit(train_images,train_labels,epochs=5)
Below the hood …
• Need some understanding of
what lies beneath
• Analogy:database systems
• Move from customised data
storage to RDBMS
• Standard model
• Declarative query
language
• Still need to understand table
design, query optimisation
Deploying AI/ML
The challenge
• When do we deploy AI?
• Problem structure?
• Domain?
• If AI, what approach?
• Supervised or unsupervised?
• Which model?
Where AI can help
• AI solutions are driven by data
• No obvious“direct” algorithm
• Labelled data
• This bus route meets timing
requirement
• These test readings indicate
disease
• This picture shows a stress
crack
All data is not born equal
• Every business generates data
• How can it improve the
business?
• How usable is the data?
• Clean? Labelled?
• Is the actual data available?
• Privacy issues, silos
• IT vs ML solution
• IT — columns of table
• ML — rows of table
Which ML approach to use?
• Supervised or unsupervised?
• Flag good vs bad
• Segment data
• Which model to use?
• Is data categorical or continuous?
• Static or time-varying, seasonal?
• No magic formula
• Familiaritywith different
approaches
• Experience
The Future of AI
Opportunities galore …
• Health care
• Drug development
• Image diagnostics
• IoT
• Transportation logistics
• Preventive maintenance
• Smart buildings
• Finance, entertainment, …
• Look out for labelled data!
Summary
ML everywhere
• Data driven solutions have wide
applicability
• Need business understanding
• Numerous off-the-shelf tools
• Python, R, Tensorflow
• Deployment is easy
• Choosing ML solution not easy
• Variety of models
• Need expertise to tune
parameters
Thank you

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Artificial Intelligence Masterclass for managers and business heads

  • 2. Typical situations • Extrapolate from historicaldata • From model test scores, predict board exam performance • Should we give this customer a loan? • Do these symptoms indicate H1N1? • Look for patterns in existing data • Readymade clothes — is S, M, L enough? Add XL? • Should we sell a combo plan with voice calls plusSMS? Supervised learning Unsupervised learning
  • 3. Anomaly detection Credit card fraud • Monitorregular transactions • Location, amount, time, items purchased • Flag anomalies • Proactively block card • Customer dissatisfaction (false positives) vs loss due to fraud
  • 4. Failure prediction Major printer manufacturer • Drum failure • Down time • Servicing cost — assign support team on the fly • Track diagnostic codes to predict failure • Advance warning, better customer experience • Schedule support visit efficiently, save cost
  • 5. Recommendation systems Netflix • $1 millionprize to improve their in-house algorithm to recommend movies • Won by BellKor’s Pragmatic Chaos — two teams from Bell Core, merged • When DVD rental was the main business • Still relevant for online streaming? • Audience preferences drive content development
  • 6. Use of ML is exploding • Online advertising • E-commerce recommendations • Screening applications • Fraud detection • Conversationbots • Smart buildings • … • Self driving cars
  • 8. • Probabilistic models Mathematical models for ML • Regression • Support Vector Machines • Decision trees
  • 9. Mathematical models for ML … • And, of course, neural networks
  • 10. Programming for ML • Open source languages like R and Python • Built in libraries • Classical statisticaltests, time-series analysis, classification,clustering, … • ML models • User friendly IDEs
  • 11. Neural network in Python + Tensorflow model = keras.Sequential([ keras.layers.Flatten(input_shape=(28,28)), keras.layers.Dense(128, activation=tf.nn.relu), keras.layers.Dense(10, activation=tf.nn.softmax) ]) model.compile(optimizer=tf.train.AdamOptimizer(), loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy', metrics=[‘accuracy’]) model.fit(train_images,train_labels,epochs=5)
  • 12. Below the hood … • Need some understanding of what lies beneath • Analogy:database systems • Move from customised data storage to RDBMS • Standard model • Declarative query language • Still need to understand table design, query optimisation
  • 14. The challenge • When do we deploy AI? • Problem structure? • Domain? • If AI, what approach? • Supervised or unsupervised? • Which model?
  • 15. Where AI can help • AI solutions are driven by data • No obvious“direct” algorithm • Labelled data • This bus route meets timing requirement • These test readings indicate disease • This picture shows a stress crack
  • 16. All data is not born equal • Every business generates data • How can it improve the business? • How usable is the data? • Clean? Labelled? • Is the actual data available? • Privacy issues, silos • IT vs ML solution • IT — columns of table • ML — rows of table
  • 17. Which ML approach to use? • Supervised or unsupervised? • Flag good vs bad • Segment data • Which model to use? • Is data categorical or continuous? • Static or time-varying, seasonal? • No magic formula • Familiaritywith different approaches • Experience
  • 19. Opportunities galore … • Health care • Drug development • Image diagnostics • IoT • Transportation logistics • Preventive maintenance • Smart buildings • Finance, entertainment, … • Look out for labelled data!
  • 21. ML everywhere • Data driven solutions have wide applicability • Need business understanding • Numerous off-the-shelf tools • Python, R, Tensorflow • Deployment is easy • Choosing ML solution not easy • Variety of models • Need expertise to tune parameters