Heredity is the process by which traits and characteristics are passed from parents to offspring through genes. Genetics is the study of DNA, genes, genetic variation, and heredity. Mendel's experiments involved crossing pea plants with contrasting traits like round/wrinkled seeds and green/yellow seeds. His observations of the offspring over multiple generations showed that genes are inherited independently and some traits, like round seeds, are dominant over others, like wrinkled seeds. The ratios he observed provide insight into inheritance patterns and genetics.

1. Khushali Thacker
HEREDITY

2. • Heredity is the process of passing the traits and
characteristics from parents to offspring through
genes.
• The offspring, get their features and characteristics
that is genetic information from their mother and
father.

3. • Heredity and genetics are the reason you look so much
like your parents.
• Genetics is a branch of science that studies the DNA,
genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living
organsims.

4. MENDEL’S EXPERIMENT
• It is the cross between two plants which have two pairs
of contrasting characteristics.
• This takes into consideration alternative traits of two
different characteristics.

5. • For example, a cross between one pea plant with
round and green seeds and the other pea plant having
wrinkled and yellow seeds.

6. Yellow Round – 9
Green Round – 3
Yellow Wrinkled – 3
Green Wrinkled - 1

7. Observations
• The F1 generation contains 100% hybrid plants.
Because, when RRyy crosses with rrYY, all offspring
plants are Rr Yy with round and yellow seeds in the
first generation. Therefore, the Round and Yellow
seeds are the dominant characteristics.
• In F2, the phenotype ratio is 9:3:3:1 and the genotype
ratio is a very complex one.
• This shows that the genes independently inherited.