2. PRE TEST QUESTIONS
• Pulsus paradoxus is seen in mild asthma
• Silent chest in asthma is a good prognostic sign
• Unlike short examination of CVS in MI in exacerbation of COPD and Asthma a
detailed respiratory examination with chest measurements is a must
3. • Raised CO2 levels in COPD is more dangerous and life threatening than in
Asthma
• MGSO4 is a very crucial drug in treatment of COPD
• NIV when used early in severe exacerbation OF COPD IS LIFE SAVING
• Avoid injectable steroids in Severe Asthma
5. CASE 1 CASE 2
64 year old male
c/o dypnea since 1 hour with severe chest tightness
Dyspnea associated with cough and increased mucoid
expectoration
h/o running nose since 3 days with fever
h/o excessive daily early morning cough and attempts
to clear secretions
Past history : repeated breathing difficulty with
previous hospitalisation six months back
Family : Nothing contributory
Personal : smoker since 40 years around one pack per
day
26 year old man
c/o acute onset of dyspnea since 1 hour with
severe chest tightness
Dyspnea was initially associated with wheeze but
now wheeze has disappeared
h/o running nose since 3 days with fever
History is provided by the bystander as the
patient is unable to complete sentences
Past history : repeated breathing difficulty with
one previous hospitalisation a year back
Family : H/o eczema present
Personal : No addictions non smoker
6. CASE 1 CASE 2
• Patient is restless and unable to lie down supine
in bed
• PR : 108/min
• BP: 120/80 mm of hg
• RR : 38/min
• SPO2 : 86%
• Patient is calm and drowsy
• PR : 112/min
• BP : 104/60 mm hg
• RR : 10 /min
• Spo2: 88 %
11. ACUTE EXACERBATION OF ASTHMA
GINA definition
"Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, usually characterized
by chronic airway inflammation. It is defined by the history
of respiratory symptoms such as wheeze, shortness of
breath, chest tightness, and cough that vary over time and
in intensity, together with variable expiratory airflow
limitation."
29. ACUTE EXACERBATION OF COPD
Definition of COPD by GOLD
COPD is a common, preventable, and treatable disease that is characterized by persistent
respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar
abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases. The
chronic airflow limitation that characterizes COPD is caused by a mixture of small airways
disease (eg, obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), the
relative contributions of which vary from person to person. Chronic inflammation causes
structural changes, small airways narrowing, and destruction of lung parenchyma. A loss
of small airways may contribute to airflow limitation and mucociliary dysfunction, a
characteristic feature of the disease.
30.
31. DEFINITION OF EXACERBATION
• Worsening dyspnea
• Increase in sputum purulence
• Increase in sputum volume
TYPE 1 : all three : Severe
Type 2 : two symptoms : Moderate
Type 3 : one symptom : Mild
38. NEBULISATION
SABA : SALBUTAMOL . DOSE AND FREQUENCY ??????
Anticholinergics : Ipratropium Bromide : DOSE and
Frequency ???????
MODE OF ADMINISTRATION OF DRUG
??????????????
42. INDICATIONS FOR NIV
• Moderate to severe dyspnea
• Ph<7.35
• Paco2 > 45 mmhg
• RR >25 /min with use of accessory muscles of respirations
43. WHEN NOT TO USE NIV
• Respiratory arrest
• Cardiovascular instability
• Drowsy or comatosed patients
• High aspiration risk
• Craniofacial abnormalities