2. Why should we study Research
The search for knowledge
Need to examine what they are doing
Advancement in present knowledge
Research helps understand what's not working
Research develops understanding and decision-making
Research reveals new ideas and facts
Research builds credibility
Research helps to achieve goal
3. Method of science
Identification of problem
Formulation of the hypothesis
Collection , organization and analysis of data
Formulations of conclusions
Verification , rejection, or modification of the hypothesis by the test of its
consequences in a specific situation
4. Types of Research
Fundamental Research
Applied Research
Action Research
5. Fundamental Research
Also known as Pure Research
It described research in its more formal aspects
Research has drawn its pattern and spirit from the physical sciences
Represented a rigorous , structured type of analysis
Goal of research is the development of theories by the discoveries of
broad generalizations or principles
This type of research generally has no immediate or planned application
May later result in further research of an applied nature
6. Applied Research
It has most of the characteristics of fundamental research , including the
use of sampling techniques and the subsequent inferences about the
target population
Purpose of this research is improving a product or process by testing
theoretical concepts in actual problem situations
Most educational research is applied research
Educational research is concerned with the development and testing of
theories of how students and teachers behave in educational settings
7. Action Research
Came into existence in late 1930s emerges with social psychology and
education
Focused on immediate application , not the development of theory or on
generalization of applications
It has placed its emphasis on a problem here and now in a local setting
Its findings are to be evaluated in terms of local applicability , not universal
validity
8. Differences among fundamental ,
applied and action research
Fundamental Applied Action
Nature is abstract Concrete and practical Concrete and
practical
It is research for
knowledge sake, theory
building
Check the applicability of
theories in actual setting
Problem solving in
then and now
situation
Research design is fixed Fixed Flexible
Population and sample
are clear and predefined
Population and sample
are clear and predefined
Population and
sample are same
Lateral generalization Lateral generalization Vertical
generalization
Using research results in
theory building
For qualitative
development
Modifying the
circumstances