2. INDIVIDUAL
Individual refers to a single person or organism that is distinct and separate
from others.
The concept of the individual is important in many fields of study, as it helps
to understand how individuals interact with their environment, make
decisions, and contribute to society.
3. HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
The term growth and development both refers to dynamic processes
Growth and development are interdependent and interrelated processes
Growth generally takes place during the first 20 years of life
Development continues after that
4. REVIEW OF HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Human development is the process of becoming mature, both physically and emotionally.
Humans are complex beings and each stage of growth includes physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional changes.
Infant
An infant is a child under the age of 1 year.
They completely dependent upon another person.
During this first year of life many drastic developmental progressions occur.
Toddler
This include children between the ages of 1 and 2.5 to 3.
Toddler is a fitting name since during this developmental stage they begin to walk.
They master many new skills including walking, talking, problem-solving and social skills.
5. School age:
Children between the ages of 5 and 13 .
This large age span encompasses a wide range of skills and abilities.
The years of puberty or sexual development begin during the later years of this stage.
Adolescent
Children between the ages of 13 and 18
This stage particularly difficult for both the parent and the child.
Adulthood
This begins at age 18 and continues until death
Fewer specific physical developmental mile- stones take place during this stage.
Preschool
This stage includes children ages 4 and 5.
The growth focuses on learning and getting ready for school
This includes expanding their attention span and practicing discipline
6. THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS
According to Green, 'socialization is that process through which a man develops into social being
Socialization is a lifelong and continuous process
Socialization helps to control human behavior.
Socialization is done through both formal and informal agencies.
Socialization provide basic discipline in an individual.
Features of Socialization:
According to Burger, 'socialization is a process by which child learns to be participant member of a society
7. TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION
Primary socialization: Family, Friends etc.
Secondary socialization : School, College, Office etc.
Anticipatory socialization : Child plays various roles like of
father or doctor in school play, then he learns some of the
behavior required in the role and knows how to carry part of it.
Adult socialization: Learning technical rules, Ways of carrying
tasks etc.
Resocialization: Brainwashing, Rehabilitation of criminals etc.
8. AGENCIES OF SOCIALIZATION
AGENCIES OF SOCIALIZATION
FORMAL AGENCIES INFORMAL AGENCIES
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
OCCUPATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
LAW
THE STATE
THE MASS MEDIA
FAMILY
PLAY GROUP
PEER GROUP
CUSTOMS
RELIGIONS
RITUALS
Fix rules
and
regulation No fixed
rules and
regulation
s
9. EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON HUMAN GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
The environment plays a crucial role in human growth and development, shaping both physical and
cognitive development as well as socio-emotional development.
Here are some of the ways in which the environment can impact human growth and development:
Nutrition
Physical environment
Education
Family and community
Culture and society
Stress
10. RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN A
DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY.
In a democratic society, individuals have both rights and responsibilities.
Here are some of the key rights and responsibilities of individuals in a democratic society:
Rights:
Freedom of speech
Freedom of assembly
Freedom of religion
Right to vote
Right to privacy
Right to a fair trial
11. Responsibilities
Participation in democratic processes
Respect for the law
Respect for diversity
Active citizenship
Community involvement
