0 Adolescent Minorities in Foster Care Systems and the Inadequate Attention They Receive from Society Aliyah Jordan College of Arts, Culture and Scientific Inquiry, University of West Georgia SOCI 3001: Communicating Sociology Angela Brodsky April, 2021 Adoption & foster care have fought a continuous battle with providing children with proper stable homes to live in. Not accounting for the external factors (such as irresponsible guardians) there, are many internal factors that contribute to the instability of the foster care system. Researching and examining the infrastructure of the foster care system led to several discoveries about the many flaws that exist within the system. The lack of resources, quality assurance (between guardian and child) & unorganized administration, has led to numerous counts of children being lost and/or destroyed by a system “intended” to aid them. Yet, at the same time the foster care system also fails in reforming the parents (or former guardians) of the children. The judicial system ensures that many parents receive a TPR (termination of parental rights) essentially severing the relationship between parent & child, while also contributing to the psychological trauma of foster care. Nonetheless the near future of foster care seems optimistic due to the various changes in factors of the system such as, transracial adoption & LGBTQ individuals moving to adopt. To enhance and strengthen my understanding of foster care these articles were examined under a thematic approach. With the goal of identifying the consistencies of instability that chaotically hamper the foster care system. The supposed reformations that are to be provided to parents, separated from their children, does not effectively exist within the foster care system. While on the other hand many parents fail to make the proper steps towards their own reformation, the system fails to support those afflicted by a mental illness (specifically fathers). “Issues with mental health…contribute to fathers engaging in abusive or neglectful behaviors toward children.” Accounted sources of child abuse have documented evidence of an underlying affliction (or substance abuse), that negatively impaired the judgement & actions of many fathers. It is essential for many children that their parental relationship be healthy, and fathers are the foundational step within this model. Many fathers who have lost their rights allowed their afflictions to impede their commitment to parenting overall. “Might help fathers to identify how his mental health issue affects the way he conceptualizes himself as a father.” Inversely, while identifying the source of many abuse cases, it would be also beneficial for these fathers to be given the proper supports to improve themselves and evaluate their ability & aptitude. While there are expectations of responsibility already set upon the parents, there must be greater expectations set for the foster care system. The stand ...

1. 0
Adolescent Minorities in Foster Care Systems and the
Inadequate Attention They Receive from Society
Aliyah Jordan
College of Arts, Culture and Scientific Inquiry, University of
West Georgia
SOCI 3001: Communicating Sociology
Angela Brodsky
April, 2021
Adoption & foster care have fought a continuous battle with
providing children with proper stable homes to live in. Not
accounting for the external factors (such as irresponsible
guardians) there, are many internal factors that contribute to the
instability of the foster care system. Researching and examining
the infrastructure of the foster care system led to several
discoveries about the many flaws that exist within the system.
The lack of resources, quality assurance (between guardian and
child) & unorganized administration, has led to numerous
counts of children being lost and/or destroyed by a system
“intended” to aid them. Yet, at the same time the foster care
system also fails in reforming the parents (or former guardians)
of the children. The judicial system ensures that many parents

2. receive a TPR (termination of parental rights) essentially
severing the relationship between parent & child, while also
contributing to the psychological trauma of foster care.
Nonetheless the near future of foster care seems optimistic due
to the various changes in factors of the system such as,
transracial adoption & LGBTQ individuals moving to adopt. To
enhance and strengthen my understanding of foster care these
articles were examined under a thematic approach. With the
goal of identifying the consistencies of instability that
chaotically hamper the foster care system.
The supposed reformations that are to be provided to parents,
separated from their children, does not effectively exist within
the foster care system. While on the other hand many parents
fail to make the proper steps towards their own reformation, the
system fails to support those afflicted by a mental illness
(specifically fathers). “Issues with mental health…contribute to
fathers engaging in abusive or neglectful behaviors toward
children.” Accounted sources of child abuse have documented
evidence of an underlying affliction (or substance abuse), that
negatively impaired the judgement & actions of many fathers. It
is essential for many children that their parental relationship be
healthy, and fathers are the foundational step within this model.
Many fathers who have lost their rights allowed their afflictions
to impede their commitment to parenting overall. “Might help
fathers to identify how his mental health issue affects the way
he conceptualizes himself as a father.” Inversely, while
identifying the source of many abuse cases, it would be also
beneficial for these fathers to be given the proper supports to
improve themselves and evaluate their ability & aptitude. While
there are expectations of responsibility already set upon the
parents, there must be greater expectations set for the foster
care system.
The standard of quality assurance within the foster care system
has been subpar in regard to finding permanent homes for
adolescents. Not only is there an outstanding lack of adults
available to adopt, but there is also a bias (or lack of concern)

3. in adopting children of certain racial backgrounds. There is a
public perception towards viewing the adoption process and
foster children as a “hobby interest.” With many parents (or
guardians) looking for foreign children with features attractive
to them, as if they are scouting for a car. As noted by
researchers Zhang & Lee in their academic journal, Intercountry
Versus Transracial Adoption, they assert that on a fundamental
level the psychological process of adoption has a greater
attraction to international rather than domestic affairs. Stating
“many researchers believe adoption has reinforced racial
division & hierarchies.” (Zhang & Lee, 2011:76) Specifically,
within the United States numerous black children are lost within
the foster care system, due to there being stereotypes projected
upon them. Physically, many children become entrapped within
a system that lacks the proper resources to provide them with an
adequate shelter. In regards to their mental well-being these
children are imprinted with, the trauma that is the turbulence of
the foster care system. “Blaming inner-city poor Blacks for
creating many social problems, from welfare cheats to drug-
affected babies” (Zhang & Lee p.78). Not only is there an
aesthetic bias, but there is also an amount social prejudice
rooted, towards not adopting black children. The foundation of
the modern foster care system has a disproportionate
representation towards the number of African American who are
adopted. While there have been multiple attempts in reforming
the transracial policies and promoting domestic adoptions,
government policy favors intercontinental adoptions. “Adoptive
families also benefit financially from recent legislation such as
adoption tax credits” (Zhang & Lee, p.80). Certain legislative
acts have provided financial benefits towards ICA, by providing
tax credits for foreign children (and the added benefit of
effortless access for parental rights), ironically enough the
system also actively hinders the adoption of black children.
Some guardians may have an ulterior motive for adoption
however, there is a growing population of guardians who seek
to adopt for altruistic reasons. Many LGBTQ individuals are

4. migrating to adoption, which is making a difference in
combating the over-crowdedness of foster care. “One
overarching theme was identified as seeking permanency,”
asserted by researchers Costa and Tasker, that many LGBTQ
individuals are motivated to adopt for altruistic reasons beyond
personal goals. Be that as it may, people of the LGBTQ
community may face various amounts of resistance from
society. “Due to certain perceived archetypes of lesbians and
gay men, they are highly likely to be rejected by social workers
as suitable adopters because they fail to reproduce the
heteronormative and highly gendered expectations of what a
“good parent” is” (Costa and Tasker, 4159). Not just within the
US but in other foreign country’s LGBTQ individuals are
persecuted or face many legal obstructions in the adoption
process. Disregarding their resources and competency to be a
parent, many individuals may not be able to adopt simply due to
social stigmas.
The external resistance LGBTQ individuals may face when
moving to adopt may be found within negative public
perceptions, which has no benefits besides further hindering the
adoption process. This hindrance also indirectly feeds into the
turbulence that many adolescents face, and the entrapment of
the foster care system. The initial goal and foundation of the
foster care system should be to protect and shield adolescents
from familial maltreatment. Yet, due to insufficient resources &
dysfunctional environments the foster care system only results
in amplifying problematic behaviors & furthering the issues of
adolescents. While modern laws have made efforts towards
social reform and along with the growing population of parents
willing to adopt children, there is still much progress to be
made with improving the foundation of the foster care system.
The negative biases that certain social workers may have must
be “de-programmed”, against the LGBTQ individuals seeking to
adopt. In addition to the requirement of additional resources for
the foster care system to properly function and assure quality
shelter for each of its adolescents. Reviewing through each of

5. these sources there was a common theme of among each of the
researchers in that the foster care system has insufficient
resources, and inadequate individuals, along with a combative
legislation that all contribute to its inefficient process and
turbulent administration.
References
McWey, L. M., Henderson, T. L., & Burroughs Alexander, J.
(2008). Parental Rights and the Foster Care System: A Glimpse
of Decision Making in Virginia. Journal of Family Issues,
29(8), 1031–1050. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X08316542
Boddy, J. (2019). Troubling Meanings of “Family” for Young
People Who Have Been in Care: From Policy to Lived
Experience. Journal of Family Issues, 40(16), 2239–2263.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X18808564
Zhang, Y., & Lee, G. R. (2011). Intercountry Versus Transracial
Adoption: Analysis of Adoptive Parents’ Motivations and
Preferences in Adoption. Journal of Family Issues, 32(1), 75–
98. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X10375410
Olmstead, S. B., McWey, L. M., & Henderson, T. (2011). In
the Child’s Best Interest: Terminating the Rights of Fathers
with Children in Foster Care. Journal of Family Issues, 32(1),
31–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X10375411
Byrnes, H. F., & Miller, B. A. (2012). The Relationship
Between Neighborhood Characteristics and Effective Parenting
Behaviors: The Role of Social Support. Journal of Family
Issues, 33(12), 1658–1687.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X12437693
Mersky, J. P., Topitzes, J., & Reynolds, A. J. (2012). Unsafe at
Any Age: Linking Childhood and Adolescent Maltreatment to
Delinquency and Crime. Journal of Research in Crime and
Delinquency, 49(2), 295–318.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427811415284
Font, S., Berger, L. M., Slepicka, J., & Cancan, M. (2021).
Foster Care, Permanency, and Risk of Prison Entry. Journal of
Research in Crime and
Delinquency.https://doi.org/10.1177/00224278211001566

6. Dijkstra, J. K., Kretschmer, T., Pattiselanno, K., Franken, A.,
Harakeh, Z., Vollebergh, W., & Veenstra, R. (2015). Explaining
Adolescents’ Delinquency and Substance Use: A Test of the
Maturity Gap: The SNARE study. Journal of Research in Crime
and Delinquency, 52(5), 747–767.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427815582249
Harris-McKoy, D., Meyer, A. S., McWey, L. M., & Henderson,
T. L. (2014). Substance Use, Policy, and Foster Care. Journal of
Family Issues, 35(10), 1298–1321.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X13481439
Costa, P. A., & Tasker, F. (2018). “We Wanted a Forever
Family”: Altruistic, Individualistic, and Motivated Reasoning
Motivations for Adoption Among LGBTQ Individuals. Journal
of Family Issues, 39(18), 4156–4178.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X18810948
0
Adolescent Minorities in Foster Care Systems and the
Inadequate Attention They Receive from Society
Aliyah Jordan
College of Arts, Culture and Scientific Inquiry, University of
West Georgia
SOCI 3001: Communicating Sociology
Angela Brodsky
April 4, 2021.
McWey, L. M., Henderson, T. L., & Burroughs Alexander,
J. (2008). Parental Rights and the Foster Care System: A

7. Glimpse of Decision Making in Virginia. Journal of Family
Issues, 29(8), 1031–1050.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X08316542
Authors McWey, Henderson, and Alexander through their
quantitative research of court systems and the foster care
process, discovered that there is a disparity in which parental
rights can be removed from certain adults who are considered
inadequate to provide for their children. The study conducted
within the state of Virginia, aimed to determine what factors
cause the unchallengeable outcome that results in foster care
cases within the Virginia judicial system. They discovered that
certain adults who were known to have mental health issues had
their rights revoked hastily, parents or guardians who exhibited
substance abuse or child neglect (such as the case of Matthew
and Charity p.1031). The study examined three separate periods
of policies enforced by the court systems and discovered a high
amount of TPR (termination of parental rights) decisions
enacted upon mentally ill adults. However, there is some
concern to be considered in understanding the approach that
courts take in considering the “best interest” of the child. As
revoking (or reunifying) parental rights is at times a sensitive
topic due to legal regulations, at times, coming into conflict
with the fundamental nurturing of childcare.
Boddy, J. (2019). Troubling Meanings of “Family” for Young
People Who Have Been in Care: From Policy to Lived
Experience. Journal of Family Issues, 40(16), 2239–2263.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X18808564
In her scholastic article, Troubling Meanings of Family, author
Janet Boddy asserts that for many young people the lack of a
stable home or early childhood foundation has prolonging
negative effects on relationships. Boddy claims that many
individuals have not (or cannot) overcome the turbulent
background they lived through within foster care, expanding on
that by stating that many young people cannot grasp the concept
of family. Her hypothesis she tested and research through
European national studies: Beyond Contact and Against All

8. Odds? Asserting that family is not just a genetic relation,
instead family is defined as “sense of belonging and of
connected selves (Bobby p.2241).” A lack of a nurturing
environment and the chaotic upbring results in the concept of
family becoming warped and almost insignificant. As people
who have lived through these various environmen ts may lack
the ability to properly form & build connections due to
experiencing several “temporary families.” While analyzing
those who suffer troubles with building family-like relations
Boddy also examines individuals who are doing “well” after
transitioning out of childcare services.
Zhang, Y., & Lee, G. R. (2011). Intercountry Versus Transracial
Adoption: Analysis of Adoptive Parents’ Motivations and
Preferences in Adoption. Journal of Family Issues, 32(1), 75–
98. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X10 375410
In their academic journal, Intercountry Versus Transracial
Adoption, authors Zhang and Lee, while studying the
intercountry adoption rate in America, assert that there is a
disproportionate number of children adopted from the American
foster care system due to racial differences. Interviewing
parents who have chosen to adopt a child they discovered that
there is a negative perception towards American foster children
(specifically even black children), in contrast to foreign
children who are viewed as “interesting (Zhang & Lee p.76).”
While there is a social bias towards adopting domestically,
there is also legal barriers that have attempted to combat the
prejudice that arises within adoption. Legislative acts such as
the 1994 Multiethnic Placement Act aimed to encourage
transracial adoption, by making it illegal for adoption agencies
to deny children from being adopted by other races. Within that
idea of a racial bias, that occurs from selecting children for
adoption, many researchers believe that adoption has reinforced
and encouraged racial division & hierarchies (Zhang & Lee

9. p.76).
Olmstead, S. B., McWey, L. M., & Henderson, T. (2011). In
the Child’s Best Interest: Terminating the Rights of Fathers
with Children in Foster Care. Journal of Family Issues, 32(1),
31–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X10375411
Authors Olmstead, McWey, and Henderson through their
analytical research of parental rights and the foster care
process, aimed to determine the specific factors that prohibit
men from being suitable fathers for their children. Within the
United States it is often the goal of foster care to reunite
families, however there are many issues that arise and
ultimately lead to adults being revoked their rights to serve as a
parent. Termination of parental rights (TPR) while being the
cruel alternative to reunification, has been on an unfortunate
uptrend within the U.S., being the eventual fate for many youths
in childcare. The authors focus their research on understanding
fathers and the role they complete within the family dynamic
(within a historical and legal context). Determining that among
many other things (substance abuse, commitment to parenting,
and mental well-being) it is essential for the co-parental
relationship to be healthy and functional, for the father to be
involved and a positive influence on their child’s life. “Mothers
who prevent fathers from participating…contribute to fathers
being even further behind,” (Olmstead, McWey, and Henderson,
p.50) it is essential for proper cooperation between mother and
father to exist. while there may be a historical reasoning to the
gatekeeping method adopted by many mothers, it serves to be
more of a detriment than a benefit.
Byrnes, H. F., & Miller, B. A. (2012). The Relationship
Between Neighborhood Characteristics and Effective Parenting
Behaviors: The Role of Social Support. Journal of Family
Issues, 33(12), 1658–1687.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X12437693
In their academic journal researchers, Hilary Byrnes, and

10. Brenda Miller, assert that parental and neighborhood behaviors
have a crucial influence on the development of a child’s
behavior. Stating that while parental behaviors have a linked
connection to the development of the child it is important to
note the characteristics of their neighborhood is key to the
social foundation for adults and children. Several habits and
characteristics (both positive & negative) are found to be linked
to the environment in which these people choose to live within
the. Within their research Byrnes and Miller discovered, that
parents can find difficulty with raising their children in
dysfunctional environments (neighborhoods high in crime or
lacking in resources) which also has a trickledown effect to the
children. Many children (& parents) may choose to adopt the
behaviors witness within their neighborhood & immediate
environment. Delinquency & substance abuse are among the
most common problem behaviors that can arise within
undesirable neighborhoods and inadequate social structures.
Promoting a healthy & open communication between both
parent and children also serves to protect both parties against
forming harmful behavioral attributes.
Mersky, J. P., Topitzes, J., & Reynolds, A. J. (2012). Unsafe at
Any Age: Linking Childhood and
Adolescent Maltreatment to Delinquency and Crime. Journal of
Research in Crime and Delinquency, 49(2), 295–318.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427811415284
In their scholastic article Unsafe at Any Age researchers,
Mersky, Topitzes and Reynolds, using data provided by the
Chicago Longitudinal Study to analyze the connection between
childhood maltreatment and crime & childhood delinquency.
They assert that children who are victim to abuse &
maltreatment, are more likely to develop criminal behaviors
than those who are not victimized. While childhood
maltreatment has a significant effect on the growth of violent
behaviors in youth, it is also important to note maltreatment
that can alter late adolescent developments. Due to many late
adolescent behaviors maturing from experiences greatly

11. influenced by childhood experiences. Emotional dysfunction
while being the more apparent effect of maltreatment is not the
only result, declines in learning and cognitive behavior may
begin to simmer into victimized youth. The authors also assert
that there is portion of victims who conquer their difficulties &
instead are less likely to commit a criminal offense. Not all
adolescents who experience abuse change into violent offenders,
citing a strong social structure as the protective buffer against
criminal behaviors.
Font, S., Berger, L. M., Slepicka, J., & Cancan, M. (2021).
Foster Care, Permanency, and Risk of Prison Entry. Journal of
Research in Crime and
Delinquency.https://doi.org/10.1177/00224278211001566
In their scholarly journal researchers, Font, Berger, Slepicka,
and Cancan, assert that the type of exit a person takes after
leaving foster care has a related risk with them experiencing
imprisonment. Asserting that there is a “risk of entry into a
state prison” (Font, Berger, Slepicka, and Cancan p.1) for many
youths who have lived through foster care, either before
adulthood or during their time of late adolescence. Studying
data measured across the population of Wisconsin youth, the
researchers determined to investigate the percentage of
imprisonment across the various demographics of children who
have undergone foster care. Claiming that the risk of
incarceration varies amongst each category, youth who “age-
out” of foster care are significantly more disadvantaged than
children who either reunify or enter permanent placement.
Foster’s youth who end up in aging-out may be the most
disadvantaged group however, that is not revealing the harsh
reality of those who choose to reunify with their family.
Individuals who choose to reunify lose out on the support and
benefits provided by foster care, among “30% of youth who
reunify” (p.6) with their family experience repeated
maltreatment and have continued unsteadiness with familial

12. relations.
Dijkstra, J. K., Kretschmer, T., Pattiselanno, K., Franken, A.,
Harakeh, Z., Vollebergh, W., & Veenstra, R. (2015). Explaining
Adolescents’ Delinquency and Substance Use: A Test of the
Maturity Gap: The SNARE study. Journal of Research in Crime
and Delinquency, 52(5), 747–767.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427815582249
In their academic journal, the authors, researchers located at the
Utrecht University and the University of Groningen, assert that
delinquency and substance abuse is linked to biological
maturation. By using data provided by the Social Network
Analyses of Risk (SNARE) to test their hypothesis, that there is
in fact a link between “parental conflict and the development of
delinquency” (Dijkstra, Kretschmer, Pattiselanno, Harakeh,
Vollebergh and Veenstra p.748) in youth. The researchers found
their theory to be strongly supported by the evidence of
maturity gaps and certain delinquent behaviors exhibited by a
large number of adolescents. The need to seek validation from a
growing peer network and many physiological changes (such as
puberty) lend to the increased sense of independence &
awareness for many adolescents. While they may be going
through biological and mental changes, for many young people
they are still seen as children from a societal viewpoint. The
combination of both psychological obstacles and dysfunctional
environments, will give rise to problematic behaviors in youth
as asserted by the authors. Adolescents (regardless of gender)
may display delinquent behavior as reflected through their
social maturation, to declare their independence.
Harris-McKoy, D., Meyer, A. S., McWey, L. M., & Henderson,
T. L. (2014). Substance Use, Policy, and Foster Care. Journal of
Family Issues, 35(10), 1298–1321.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X13481439
In their scholastic article, Substance Use, Policy, and Foster
Care, the researchers assert that the Adoption and Safe Families
Act (the ASFA), has terminated the parental rights of more
parents than any previous time before its formation. The authors

13. argue that termination of parental rights can permanently “sever
the relationship between parent and child” (McKoy, Meyer,
McWey and Henderson p.1299), and under the regulation of
ASFA securing the relationship between parent and child is not
as relevant. In the eyes of the court, the struggles of alcohol or
other drug (AOD) problems and ensuring the safety of the child
takes a higher importance than the family relationship.
Nevertheless, that does not mean that all courts view AOD as an
absolute decision, depending on the circumstances of treatment
a parent has attempted certain courts have overturned the TPR
decision. Proper reunification of families can take place
depending on how long the parents’ treatment has been going on
and how long it takes for them to begin treating their AOD
issues.
Costa, P. A., & Tasker, F. (2018). “We Wanted a Forever
Family”: Altruistic, Individualistic, and Motivated Reasoning
Motivations for Adoption Among LGBTQ Individuals. Journal
of Family Issues, 39(18), 4156–4178.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X18810948
While there may be a diverse count of children that may be
adopted from foster care, there is also a diverse population of
parents who can also be motivated to adopt a child. Within this
academic journal authors, Costa and Tasker, claim that there is
a growing diversity of LGBTQ parents (within the United
Kingdom) who are adopting foster children. “94% of adoptive
parents decided to pursue adoption because they wanted to make
a difference.” Using LBGTQ parents who have adopted children
across the UK as the sample populations the research discovered
that many parents were adopting kids for altruistic reasons more
so than anything else. However, this practice has received
criticism (or vocal displeasure) from a certain individual within
society. Many LGBTQ parents received discriminatio n or
barriers to adoption, due to negative biases about sexual/gender
identity. Other parents have stated to have fears for their
adopted children, expecting their kids to face discrimination or
victimization from society.

14. Peer Reviewed Sociological Journals
SOCI 3001
Advances in Life Course Research
Ageing & Society
African Affairs
American Educational Research
American Ethnologist
American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental
Disabilities
American Journal of Sociology
American Sociological Review
Annual Review of Law & Social Science
Annual Review of Sociology
The American Sociologist
Berlin Journal of Sociology

15. Body Image
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Cultural Studies
Current Research in Social Psychology
Demographic Research
Demography
Discourse & Society
Economic and Social Review
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Educational Researcher

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Emotion Review
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Ethnicity & Health
Ethnic & Racial Studies
European Journal of Population: Revue Euorpeenne de
Demogrpahie
European Journal of Public Health
European Journal of Social Theory
European Journal of Sociology
European Sociological Review
Exceptional Children
Florida Atlantic Comparative Studies Journal

17. Forum: Qualitative Social Research
Gender & Society
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Global Environmental Politics
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International Journal of Comparative Sociology
International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters
International Journal of the Sociology of Law
International Political Sociology
International Review of Sociology
International Studies in Sociology of Education
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care
Journal of Economic Geography
Journal of European Social Policy
Journal of European Sociology

18. Journal of Family Issues
Journal of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and
Social Sciences
Journal of Health and Social Behavior
Journal of Interpersonal Violence
Journal of Marriage and Family
Journal of Mixed Methods Research
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
Journal for Research in Mathematics Education
Journal of Rural Health
Journal of Research in Science Teaching
Journal of Rural Studies
Journal of Sex Research
Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
Journal of Social Issues
Journal of Social & Personal Relationships

19. Journal of Social Structure
Journal of Sociolinguistics
Journal of World Systems Research
Journal of Youth Studies
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences
Missouri Electronic Journal of Sociology
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
Political Geography
Political Behavior
Politics & Gender
Politics & Society
Population and Environment
Population Studies: A Journal of Demography
Progress in Human Geography
Qualitative Health Research
The Qualitative Report
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20. Radical Pedagogy
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Research in Organizational Behavior
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Research on Social Work Practice
Review in Educational Research
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Rural Sociology
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Social Networks
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Social Problems
Social Science and Medicine

21. Social Science Research
Social Studies of Science
Society of Sociologists of Montenegro: Sociološka luča
Sociologia Ruralis
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Sociological Quarterly
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Sociology: The Journal of the British Sociological Association
Southern Rural Sociology
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Thesis Eleven

22. Urban Studies
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Youth & Society