What's international relations

1. Vasant College For Women
Rajghat, Varanasi
Topic-: Origin Of international Relation As a
Discipline
Submitted To-: Dr. Puneeta Pathak
Submitted By-: Mrs. Tanishka Pal

2. What is IR
International relations is academic
discipline That focuses on the study of
Interaction of the actors of
international Politics, including states
and non-states actors such as IMF, UN,
World Bank and Amensty International.

3. Meaning Of IR
 The Term “International” was for the first
time used by Jeremy Benthem In the later
part of Eighteenth Century
 Consequently , the term IR was defined as
officials relation between the sovereign
states. However some scholar include
economic, social and cultural relation in it.

4. Origin of International Relation
as a Discipline
 The earlier text on internationl relation for the first time, was
published by the Greek historian Thucydides(430-409B.C), The
history of Peloponnesian War.
 The establishment of Woodrow Wilson chair of International
Relation in 1919 at the University College of Wales,
Aberystwyth, United Kingdom.
 This subject was offered in European And American Universities
from the 1920s.Simultaneosly at several other places, chairs of
International Relation were established such as Hebrew
University(1929), oxford University(1930), the London
Academically, the study of International Relations Schools Of
Economics(1936)and the University of Edinburg(1948).

5. Origin of International Relation As a
Discipline
 The First World War had a deep impact on the
developement of this new subject in social
science. Before the First world war, according to
Alfred Zimmern,”There was no teaching of the
subject as such, and very little conscious study,
 Grant, Hughes Greenwood , Kerr and Urguhart
wrote the first textbook on International Relation
Entitled, An Introduction to the study of
International Relation, (1916) , Britain.

6. Stages Of Developement Of IR
 Kenneth Thompson illustrated a very comprehensive picture of diffrent stages
of developement of International Relation which could be Enumerated as
follows:
 First Stage- termed as historic approach where more emphasis was laid on
historical analysis rather than study of international events.
 Second Stage- More emphasis was on contemporary issues rather than
historical events.
 It emerged after the end of first world war.

7.  Third Stage-: Began during Inter-war period when there occured a
paradigm shift to historical and contemporaneous to a moralistic-
legalistic approach.
 This approach was too idealistic and ignore the hard realities of
international life.
 Fourth Stage-: Commenced after the end of Second World War in
1945.
 In this stage more emphasis was on understanding.
 This stage was the outcome of decolonisation, emergence of new
nation states, rise of new universal values, demographic changes etc.
 This shift give birth to the Realist school which believed that power
was a means, as well as end in itself.

8.  Fifth Stage-: Started from mid sixties to seventies when
international organisations, transnational institutions and
multi national corporation were added to the study of
International Studies which resulted in coming of Neo-
Liberal school of Thought.
 Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye emerge as the chief
proponent who stressed upon interdependence, security
communities, transitional economic cooperation and
creation of an international regime.

9.  Sixth Stage-: Started from the late seventies to mid eighties.
 In this stage ‘New cold war’ emerged which changed the whole
scenario.
 At this time Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan
 US President threatened the world by talking of star war programme
.
 Hence, ecologiocal and environmental issues now became the
dominant subject of International Relation.
 Kenneth waltz formulated the ‘Neorealist theory of Realism’ at this
period of time

10.  Seventh Stage-: Began in 1985 with Mikhail
Gorbachev’s new political thinking.
 Recognition to ‘Balance of interest’ in place of
‘Balance of power’, ‘co-peration instead of
confrontation’, disarmament in place of
armament, internationalisation instead of
nationalisation and D’etente in place of cold war.
 Emphasised on peaceful coexistence and equal
security for all.

11.  Eighth Stage-: Began with the disintegration of Soviet
Union, Republic Of USSR and Yugoslavia became
independent state.
 In this period of time US became the soul superpower in
the world
 Disintegrated communist countries and third world
countries start getting economical aid from the west.
 US started pressurising these countries for her intersts.

12. Thank You For Being Patient
Submitted By-: Mrs. Tanishka Pal