parallel programming Basic Communication

1. Basic
Communication
Prof. Shashikant V. Athawale
Assistant Professor | Computer Engineering
Department | AISSMS College of Engineering,
Kennedy Road, Pune , MH, India - 411001

2. Contents
❖ Operations- One-to-All Broadcast and All-to-One
Reduction
❖ All-to-All Broadcast and Reduction
❖ All-Reduce and Prefix-Sum Operations
❖ Scatter and Gather
❖ All-to-All Personalized Communication
❖ Circular Shift
❖ Improving the Speed of Some Communication
Operations.

3. Circular Shift
❖ It’s a particular permutation.
❖ Circular q-shift: Node i sends data to node (i+q) mod p
(in a set of p nodes).
❖ Useful in some matrix operations and pattern matching.

4. One to All Broadcast And All to One Reduction
❖ Simplest way is to send p − 1 messages from the source
to the other p − 1 processors – this is not very efficient.
❖ Use recursive doubling: source sends a message to a
selected processor. We now have two independent
problems derined over halves of machines.
❖ Reduction can be performed in an identical fashion by
inverting the process.

5. One to All Broadcast

6. One to All Broadcast
❖ One-to-all broadcast on an eight-node ring.
❖ Node 0 is the source of the broadcast. Each message
transfer step is shown by a numbered, dotted arrow from
the source of the message to its destination.
❖ The number on an arrow indicates the time step during
which the message is transferred.

7. All to One Reduction
❖ Reduction on an eight-node ring with node 0 as the
destination of the reduction.

8. All to All Broadcast

9. All to All Broadcast And All to All REduction

10. All Reduce Operations
❖ Each node starts with a buffer of size m.
❖ The final result is the same combination of all buffers on
every node.
❖ Same as all-to-one reduce + one-to-all broadcast.

11. Prefix Sum Operations

12. Scatter And Gather
❖ Scatter : A node sends a unique message to every other
node – unique per node.
❖ Gather : Dual operation but the target node does not
combine the messages into one.

13. All to All Personalised Communication
❖ Each node sends a distinct message to every other node.

14. Improving The Performance of
Communication Operation
❖ So far messages of size m were not split.
❖ If we split them into p parts:
➢ One-to-all broadcast = scatter + all-to-all broadcast of
messages of size m/p.
➢ All-to-one reduction = all-to-all reduce + gather of
messages of size m/p.
➢ All-reduce = all-to-all reduction + all-to-all broadcast
of messages of size m/p.