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Geosphere- EVS.pptx
- 1. Subject: EVS (211) Course: BBA (E1) Name: Shalini Mishra
- 2. Earth is composed of rock – both solid and molten – as well as various metallic elements. This solid part of the Earth, as well as the soil and loose rock on the exterior, makes up the geosphere. The geosphere may be taken as the collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere. The geosphere consists of an outer solid layer composed of rocks and minerals that make up rocks, soil and sediments.
- 3. The Earth’s geosphere is divided into three chemical sections: a) The Crust, composed almost entirely of light elements, like silicon. b) The Mantle, which is 68% of the Earth’s mass. c) The Core, the innermost layer; it is composed of very dense elements, such as nickel and iron.
- 4. The crust is the outer hard layer of the Earth. It is a part of the lithosphere. The crust is the thin outermost layer of the geosphere. It is divided into plates that move slowly over earth surface. The crust has two different parts. One is the continental crust (under the land) and the other is oceanic crust (under the ocean). The continental crust is thicker, and the oceanic crust is thinner. Thicknesses of the crust can be anywhere from 5–70 km. The crust is made up of different types of rocks; igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. The crust and the upper mantle make up the lithosphere.
- 5. The mantle is about 2900 km thick. It is made up of dense materials, which are rich in iron. The mantle is semifluid; the molten rock flows very slowly, which lets the solid plates move on top (Much like cereal flows on top of syrup!).
- 7. The Earth can also be divided into five layers, based on its physical properties. They are: Lithosphere – rigid and solid earth Asthenosphere – plastic; made of molten rock Mesosphere – Lower mantle, transitions to the liquid outer core Outer Core – made of dense, molten iron and nickel Inner Core – made of solid iron and nickel
- 8. The lithosphere is cool, solid and rigid. It is divided into many smaller pieces called Tectonic plates.
- 9. The asthenosphere is semi-fluid, molten rock. This allows the tectonic plates to move on top. This motion is essential to our Earth‘s appearance.