Education

1. 1.DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION
“Developmental education is a field of practice and research
within higher education with a theoretical foundation in
developmental psychology and learning theory. It promotes
the cognitive and affective growth of all postsecondary
learners, at all levels of the learning continuum.
Developmental education is sensitive and responsive to the
individual differences and special needs among learners.
Developmental education programs and services commonly
address academic preparedness, diagnostic assessment and
placement, development of general and discipline-specific
learning strategies, and affective barriers to learning.” C.
Stream. NADE. (1995).

2. DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION
“Developmental education might then be
defined as a professional specialty concerned
with promoting educational opportunity,
academic skill development, and educational
efficiency in postsecondary education. A
developmental educator would then be
anyone who has a primary professional
commitment to this specialty as evidenced by
his or her participation in research, training, or
delivery of services in the field. And
developmental programs would include any
organizational entity on a college campus
designed to accomplish the mission of the
field.” Boylan, H.R. (1983).

3. 2.PUBLISHED INDEXED JOURNALS
Indexation of a journal is considered a
reflection of its quality. Indexed journals are
considered to be of higher scientific quality
as compared to non-indexed journals.
A related and equally controversial issue is that
of impact factor (IF). IF is used as a proxy for
the relative importance of a journal within its
field. IF is awarded to the journals indexed in
Thomson Reuters Journal Citation Reports.

4. WHY IS INDEXING ESSENTIAL?
 Indexing will help your journal achieve its main
purpose of being accessible to a wide audience.
 Being accessible in turn will improve your
journal’s reputation as a reliable source of high-
quality information in your field.
 Database research is the first activity
researchers undertake as part of their study,
and they naturally look to established, well-
known databases. Thus, being indexed in a
known database in your field will help increase
your journal’s readership.

5. HOW DOES INDEXING WORK?
Once a journal is indexed by a database, it is
immediately made available to all users of that
database. Some databases index titles, some index
full articles while some others index only the abstract
and/or references. There are several abstracting and
indexing services available today. Some are
affiliated with institutions (e.g., PubMed maintained
by the United States National Library of Medicine at
the National Institute of Health) while some are
provided by publishers (e.g., Scopus by Elsevier).
Irrespective of which institution the database is
affiliated with, you will need to formally apply for
inclusion in the database of your choice.

6. HOW SHOULD YOU GO ABOUT GETTING YOUR
JOURNAL INDEXED?
 Choose the right database
 Understand the selection process followed by
the database you have chosen
 Ensure your journal processes are smooth and
efficient
 Approach a company with multiple databases

7. 3.WHERE SHOULD YOU GET INDEXED?
 Scopus: Managed by the publishing
company Elsevier, Scopus indexes journals from the
fields of science, technology, medicine, social
sciences, and arts and humanities. It also provides
research analysis and tracking tools.
 EMBASE (Excerpta Medica database): Also
maintained by Elsevier, EMBASE is a biomedical
database accessed by researchers, information
managers, regulatory specialists, clinicians, medical
librarians, educators and physicians. (Elsevier
maintains other databases such as EMcare and
Engineering Village.)

8. WHERE SHOULD YOU GET INDEXED?
 PubMed: Maintained by the United States National
Library of Medicine, PubMed covers biomedical
literature from life science journals, and online books.
It also accesses the MEDLINE bibliographic database
of reference and abstracts.
 SCIE (Science Citation Index-Expanded): SCIE is
a product by Thomson Reuters. It covers journals
from a range of scientific and technical fields. It also
provides some data analysis options.
 BIOSIS Citation Index: Also by Thomson Reuters,
BIOSIS covers a range of biological and biomedical
sciences.

9. WHERE SHOULD YOU GET INDEXED?
 DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals): DOAJ is
an online directory that indexes and provides access to
open access, peer-reviewed journals covering history,
religion, geography, language and literature, etc.
 Ovid: Ovid is a branch of Wolters Kluwer. Ovid
databases cover a wide range of topics including clinical
medicine, pharmacology.
 EBSCO Information Services: The EBSCO database
includes titles compiled by the company as well as
journals from other databases/publishers such
as Medline and EconLit. The company also
maintains Academic Search Complete, which covers the
full-text of journals.

10. WHERE SHOULD YOU GET INDEXED?
BioOne Abstracts and Indexes: These
provide access to peer-reviewed research in
the biological, ecological, and environmental
sciences.

11. 4. SCOPUS
 Scopus is Elsevier’s abstract and citation
database launched in 2004.
 Scopus covers nearly 36,377 titles (22,794
active titles and 13,583 inactive titles) from
approximately 11,678 publishers, of which
34,346 are peer-reviewed journals in top-
level subject fields: life sciences, social
sciences, physical sciences and health
sciences.

12. SCOPUS
 It covers three types of sources: book
series, journals, and trade journals.
 Scopus gives four types of quality measure
for each title; those are h-Index, CiteScore,
SJR (SCImago Journal Rank) and SNIP
(Source Normalized Impact per Paper).

13. 5. INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION
(ISI)
 The Institute for Scientific
Information (ISI) was an academic
publishing service, founded by Eugene
Garfield in Philadelphia in 1960.
 ISI offered scientometric and bibliographic
database services.
 Its specialty was citation indexing and
analysis, a field pioneered by Garfield.

14. INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION
(ISI)
 ISI maintained citation databases covering
thousands of academic journals, including a
continuation of its longtime print-based indexing
service the Science Citation Index (SCI), as
well as the Social Sciences Citation
Index (SSCI) and the Arts and Humanities
Citation Index (AHCI).
 The ISI also published the annual Journal
Citation Reports which list an impact factor for
each of the journals that it tracked.

15. 6.LIST OF ISI EDUCATION JOURNALS
 Review of Educational Research
 Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis
 Sociology of Education
 Educational Researcher
 Journal of Educational Psychology
 Education Finance and Policy
 Internet and Higher Education
 American Educational Research Journal
 Developmental Review
 Journal of Engineering Education

16. 7. WEB OF KNOWLEDGE
The Web of Knowledge database allows you to
track article citations, popularity of topics,
major authors in a subject area, and much
more.
By tracking the amount of times an article has
been cited by other scholars you are able to
see which article has had the most impact on
a particular field of research.

17. WEB OF KNOWLEDGE
These high impact articles are what you want
to include in a literature review or an
annotated bibliography.
Looking at high impact articles will also allow
you to discern the authors that consistently
publish high impact articles

18. WEB OF KNOWLEDGE
ISI Web Of Knowledge has 3 products
 Web of Science
 Journal Citation Report - JCR
 Essential Science Indicators

19. 8. INDAXING AND ABSTRACTING
 An indexing service is a service that
assigns descriptors and other kinds of
access points to documents. The word
indexing service is today mostly used for
computer programs, but may also cover
services providing back-of-the-book
indexes, journal indexes, and related kinds
of indexes.
 An abstracting service is a service that
provides abstracts of publications, often on
a subject or group of related subjects,

20. 9. PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION
Pakistan Journal of Education is a biannual
publication of Faculty of Education, Allama Iqbal
Open University Islamabad, published since
1984.
Articles published in the journal are selected on
the basis of quality. Pakistan Journal of
Education welcomes theoretical and empirical
original research papers, case studies, review
papers, book reviews.

21. PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION
 PJE is an open access peer reviewed research
journal which provides a platform for the
researchers, academicians, professional,
practitioners and students to impart and share
knowledge in the form of high quality empirical
and theoretical research papers, case studies,
literature reviews and book reviews.
 Views expressed in the journal are those of
authors and do not necessarily reflect the views
of the Pakistan Journal of Education.

22. 10. PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF DISTANCE AND
ONLINE LEARNING
 The journal aims to promote research and
disseminating information about distance
education.
 PJDOL explores topics about all teaching-
learning relationships where the learners are
geographically separated, and communication
takes place through radio and television,
internet, teleconferences and recordings,
printed study guides, and multimedia systems
such as audio and video broadcasts,
teleconferences and internet.

23. PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF DISTANCE AND ONLINE
LEARNING
 The journal covers all aspects of distance
education, non-formal education, adult
education, online learning, e-learning,
distributed learning, asynchronous learning,
and blended learning.

24. 11. HOW TO REVIEW A BOOK
Here are six steps for how to write a book
review
1. Begin with a brief summary of the book. ...
2. Pick out the most important aspects of
the book. ...
3. Include brief quotes as examples. ...
4. Write a conclusion that summarises
everything.
5. Find similar books. ...
6. Give it a star rating.

25. 12. APA REFERENCE STYLE
 Journal article
 A basic reference list entry for a journal article in APA must include:
 Author or authors. The surname is followed by first initials.
 Year of publication of the article (in round brackets).
 Article title.
 Journal title (in italics).
 Volume of journal (in italics).
 Issue of journal (no italics).
 Page range of article.
 DOI.
 The first line of each citation is left adjusted. Every subsequent line is
indented 5-7 spaces.
Example: Ruxton, C. (2016). Tea: Hydration and other health
benefits. Primary Health Care, 26(8), 34-
42. doi:10.7748/phc.2016.e1162

26. APA REFERENCE STYLE
 Book
 A basic reference list entry for a book (print version) in APA must
include:
 Author or authors. The surname is followed by first initials.
 Year of publication of the book (in round brackets).
 Book title (in italics).
 Edition (in round brackets), if other than first edition.
 Place of publication.
 Publisher.
 The first line of each citation is left adjusted. Every subsequent
line is indented 5-7 spaces.
 Example: Arnott, G. D. (2017). The disability support worker (2nd
ed.). South Melbourne, VIC: Cengage Learning.