fishing industry o level syllabus

1. FISHING INDUSTRY
UNIT 06

2. USES OF FISH CATCH
 Fishing is a primary sector industry. It is the main occupation of
people living in the coastal areas of Pakistan; serving as their main
source of food and cash as the surplus catch is sold.

3. METHODS OF FISHING
There are two types of fishing. One is marine fishing that is carried
out on the coasts of Sindh and Balochistan. While the other is inland
fishing that is carried out in reservoirs of dams and barrages, lakes
and rivers along with fish farms.
MARINE FISHING
Pakistan has a coastline divided into the Sindh (30%) and the Makran
(70%) coasts.

4. FISHING AREAS
• On Sindh coast Karachi is the main fishing Centre.
• On Makran coast there are small fishing ports like Sonmiani
and Jiwani.
• The most important fishing port is Gwadar with the improved
facilities like:
Ice factory, refrigeration plants and modern fish curing yards.
• Some improvements are been made at Ormara and Pasni.

5. TYPES OF MARINE FISHING
SUBSISTENCE FISHING
It is carried out by poor people living in
coastal villages where the fish caught is
consumed by fisherman and his family, as a
main component of their diet.

6. SUBSISTENCE FISHING
• It is carried out by poor people living in coastal villages.
• A fisherman has a wooden sail boat which can only go for 5-10
km away from the coast.
• Since his boat uses land and sea breezes for locomotion, he can
only go for fishing in morning and come back in afternoon.

7. SUBSISTENCE FISHING
• Since the distance travelled by these boats is small, the fisherman can only
exploit the fish near the continental shelf but not that is in deep sea. Thus
fish stocks in continental shelf are overexploited.
• The fisherman has a traditional small net so his catch is small.
• During the monsoon season the sea is rough so he can’t go out, thus the
fisherman must find some alternative work.

8. SUBSISTENCE FISHING
• The fisherman takes ice with him in a small
bucket to store his limited catch.
• The whole family is involved; male catches
the fish and the rest of the family cleans off
the scales and removes the gut of fish.

9. COMMERCIAL FISHING
• When the fishermen sell their catch to earn money and is their sole
source to earn income.
• It is practiced by fishing companies mostly along the developed Sindh
coastline.
• It involves fish caught in bulk, thus it is a permanent source of
income.
• Motorized boats/trawlers are used
which can travel 40-50 km off coast
and into the deep water to catch
the unexploited stocks of fish.
• Stay at sea for one to three weeks;

10. COMMERCIAL FISHING
• These boats also have refrigeration facilities so fishing
can be done uninterruptedly for 10-15 days.
• Ice is bought in large quantities from ice factories
along both coasts and loaded onto the fishing vessels.
• Gill netters help in quickly catching large amount of
fish.

12. COMMERCIAL FISHING
• Sonar is also used to locate shoals of fish so more fish
can be caught in less time. This saves operating costs.
• Weather forecasts are used for safe navigation and for
returning catch without sinking.
• GPS helps in quickly locating fish.

13. Type of Marine
Fish Catch

14. INLAND FISHING
• Inland fishing is practiced in
almost all the rivers and lakes
in the country.
• A number of fish farms have
been spread throughout
Punjab, Sindh and a few
areas of KPK.

15. FISH FARMS:
Fish farms are rectangular man-made ponds for
breeding of fish.
They have a concrete or cemented base to prevent
water losses through leakage.
The side of the farm is edged with solidified mud.
Trees are often planted around the fish farms to
provide oxygen, minimize the evaporation and to
keep the water body cool.
The main fishing centres are:
→ Manchar lake in Dadu district.
→ Khenjar lake in north of Thatta.
→ River Indus at Thatta, Sukkur and Kotri.

16. INLAND FISH PONDS

17. Type of Inland Fish
Catch

18. BENEFITS OF DEVELOPING FISH FARMS
Greater return to Fishermen.
Increased employment
Increased food production due to use of
technology and upgraded skills.
Positive impact on foreign exchange
earnings.
Reduces burden on crops and livestock.
FISH
FARMS

19. DEVELOPING THE MARINE FISHING INDUSTRY
Improved facilities along the coast for preservation
and storage.
Almost all communities along the coast of Balochistan
depend on fishing for their livelihood.
Infrastructure facilities provided at
Gwadar, Ormara and Pasni.
Ice factories and cold storage developed at
Gwadar;
One fish harbor has been constructed at Pasni
Fish processing for further employment
opportunities
MARINE
FISHING
CENTERS

20. PROBLEMS CAUSED BY FISHING
INDUSTRY ON NATURAL
ENVIRONMENT
Water pollution due to the spillage of oil from the fishing
boats is a threat to mangroves-the breeding grounds/natural
habitat for many fish are lost.
• Damage to ecosystem causes a disruption in food chain,
lead to extinction of species.
The fumes releasing from trawlers causes
air pollution.
The Overfishing removes young fish and
causes a reduction in species.
Fish farming let the chemicals run off into soils / water
leading to eutrophication
(excessive richness of nutrients).

21. INTEGRATED FISH FARMING

22. A BIOGAS PLANT IN RURAL AREAS

23.  Raising fish in combination with poultry, cattle, or ducks is known as
Integrated fish farming which can raise family income.
 Since animal waste makes good fertilizer for fish ponds, and since 60 percent
of the cost of fish farming goes for feed, integrating livestock and fish farming
makes sense for fish farmers.
 Different combination of different animals and crops can be used that best
suits the area.
 Grow vegetables and other crops on the pond dykes.
 Use animal waste to run a biogas plant and then feed the biogas slurry to fish.
 It is better than raw waste as fish-pond fertilizer. The goal is efficiency and
higher profits
What is Integrated fish farming???

24.  Fertilize the pond daily with biogas slurry. The slurry is rich in nitrogen and
phosphorus, and is free from toxic gases which are produced when cow dung
decomposes in ponds.
 Excess slurry is used for the field while the gas is used both in the kitchen and for
lightning the house.
BENEFITS OF INTEGRATED FARMING
Savings on inorganic fertilizers and feed (60 percent of operation costs).
Environment-friendly.
Savings on fuel and electricity.
Cooking with biogas removes labor of women for fuel wood collection and
helps in keeping the kitchen and environment clean.

25. 6 marks question (June 2016)
(d) To what extent is it possible for marine fishing to be developed sustainably in
Pakistan? Give reasons to support your answer.
 Possible: By avoiding overfishing By having quotas/government licenses Secure fishing grounds
from foreign fishing boats/fines/ Limit number of months in year able to fish (to allow breeding)
Only catch adult fish (by using nets with larger mesh) Laws to protect of mangrove forests
Laws/fines to prevent marine pollution/oil spills. Education in sustainable methods
 Not possible: Mangrove forests are being cleared (reducing breeding/feeding areas for
fish/shrimps) Sea pollution (oil from ships/industrial/domestic waste from Karachi)(poisoning fish
and spreading into food chain) Not enough capital/investment Lack of skills/training in sustainable
methods Lack of political interest/will (fishing only makes up about 0.5% of GDP)