1) The document discusses using circuit breakers to gracefully handle API failures. Circuit breakers can prevent failures in one part of a system from cascading throughout the entire system.
2) A basic circuit breaker has three states: healthy, recovering, and unhealthy. When a circuit breaker trips to the unhealthy state, it stops requests from being sent downstream for a recovery timeout period.
3) There are opportunities to improve on a basic circuit breaker design, such as how to better detect unhealthiness, mitigate downtime when tripped, and facilitate effective recovery. Questions to consider include what constitutes unhealthiness and how to best react and recover from unhealthiness.