Open and Distance Learning

1. OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING
Unit-I
DISTANCE EDUCATION -AN INTRODUCTION
2019-2021 (IV Semester )
Dr.N.Sasikumar
Department of Education
Alagappa University
Karaikudi

2. Distance Education
Distance education is formal learning activity
where students and instructors are separated
by geography, time or both for the majority of
the instructional period.
Distance learning materials are delivered through
a variety of media including, but not limited to,
print, audio recording, videotape, broadcasts,
computer software, Web-based programs and
other online technology.
Teachers support distance learners through
communication via mail, telephone, email, or
online technologies and software

3. Distance Education
 Distance education is mode of imparting
education.
 In this mode student needs to register with a
recognized university providing education in
distance mode.
 The student need to attend classes except
practical classes (if required).
 Student will receive self learning material (SLM),
needs to solve assignments and appear in the
examination.

4. Distance Education
Definition
• Distance education was first known as
correspondence learning in the mid 1800’s.
• The name originated from the practice of
instructors mailing a syllabus to learners, who in
return mailed their assignments to the
instructor (Caruth &Caruth, 2013).

5. Distance Education
• Distance learning (education) is a modern
system of non- formal education. There
are different terms used for distance
learning which include Distance
Education, Distance Teaching, Open
Education, Open Learning etc. There is a
need of Distance Learning in today's
education.

6. Distance education or distance learning
• Distance education is the formal process of
distance learning; where it designed
,communicated and evaluated by specialized
individuals
• While distance learning is the informal format in
which distance learners strive to find learning
resources, communicate instructors ,learn
materials at their own pace and time.

7. Concept of Distance Education
• Distance education is institutionally based.
This is what differentiates distance
education from self-study.
• Separation of the teacher and student.
• Intellectual separation of teachers and
learners is important.
• Connecting learners, resources, and
instructors.

8. Distance and Open Learning
• Open access to education and training to make the
learners free from the constraints of time and place, and
offering flexible learning opportunities to individuals and
groups of learners.
• Open and distance learning is one of the most rapidly
growing fields of education now a days and it has
substantial impact on all education delivery systems.
• The new ODL system growing fast because of the
development of Internet-based information technologies,
and in particular the World Wide Web.
• The concept of ODL education came from idea where the
learners and the teachers can not be in a class room and
they should be separated by some geographical distance
or may be they can not come close to each other to make
the entire education system flexible.

9. Need for Distance Education
As formal education is not so economical Non-
Formal education system is gaining more
popularity in recent years.
Distance learning is a modern way of learning
allowing students to study within their own
space and time without being physically
present in the school/college/university.

10.  Take up an Important Job
 More Skilled Individuals Lead to More Development
 Indulge in a Sport
 Convenient Education Medium for Women
 Multi-Talented Professionals
 Pocket-Friendly Fee Structure
 Explosion of knowledge
 Population Explosion
 Varied Needs
 Earning while Learning
 Desire to Improve Qualifications
 Geographical Isolation
 Social Isolation
 For Different Ages
 Universal Education
 Democratic Aspirations
 Self – Improvement
 Boon for In - Service Aspirants
 Easy Access

11. HISTORY OF DISTANCE
EDUCATION
• 1800s, University of Chicago, the first major
correspondence programme in the United States was
established in which the teacherand learner were at different
locations.
• 1982, the International Council for Correspondence
Education changed its name to the International Council for
Distance Education to reflect the developments in the field.

12. key elements of distance education
• Separation of teacher and learner
• Influence of an educational organization
• Use of media to link teacher and learner
• Two-way exchange of communication
• Learners as individuals rather than grouped
• Education as an industrialized form

13. Distance Education in India
 University of Delhi first established the School of Correspondence
Courses in 1962
 Punjabi University, Patiala -Directorate of Correspondence
Courses in 1968 and enrolled a large number of students.
 Government of India constituted an eight member working group
on the proposed Open University in 1974.
 Andhar Pradesh southern state established the first open
university in India as ‘Andhra Pradesh Open University’ in 1982.
 During the same year, the International Council of
Correspondence Education (ICCE) was renamed as International
Council of Distance Education (ICDE) recognizing‘distance
education’ as a non-conventional education system across the
world.

14. • Andhra Pradesh University was renamed as Dr. B. R.
Ambedkar Open University.
• The Government of India introduced a Bill in the Parliament
and it was passed by both Houses in August, 1985. It was
named after the late Prime Minister of India Mrs. Indira
Gandhi as Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU)-
3 million students are enrolled in more than 225
programmes in this university.
• At present, more than 220 dual mode universities/
institutions, 15 Open Universities (1 national and 14 state
open universities) and some private institutions recognized
by University Grants Commission (UGC) are offering
correspondence /open and distance learning programmes in
the country.

15. • Till 2012, IGNOU was playing a dual role as an apex body in
the country through Distance Education Council (DEC). It
was established in 1991 under section 5 (2) of IGNOU Act
passed by the Indian Parliament. DEC was responsible for
promotion, coordination, and maintenance of standards of
ODL system in the country.
• the All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE), the
National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) and
the National Council of Teacher Education (NCTE). In 2012,
Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD),
Government of India (GOI) withdrew DEC from IGNOU’s act
under section 5(2) and attached a separate Distance
Education Bureau (DEB) in UGC. Since then, Distance
Education Policy in the country is under revision.

16. Distance Education - Global Context
• The field of distance education is changing, reacting to
new technologies as well as the available infrastructure
and educational approaches in countries around the
world.
• Computer-supported learning and similar digital media
technologies are quickly becoming the dominant medium
through which to deliver distance instruction.
• Computer-based learning usually refers to the use of a
wide variety of technological devices in classrooms, from
laptops to smart phones. These approaches leverage
computer applications and software to engage students.
With laptops and tablets, students are able to interact
with visual, audio and text components simultaneously.

17. • The United States has implemented distance
education in the various forms, other countries
around the world also contributed to the evolution
of distance education today in terms of medium,
approach, and particularly, policy.
• In 1969, the British Open University began using a
combination of technology and print-based
materials in instruction carefully designed for three
different types of courses: undergraduate, graduate,
and associate. Instruction was delivered primarily
through print but supported by various
technologies.
• To establishing programs that incorporate distance
education, it is also important to note the policies at
both a national and local level around the world that
have contributed to distance education.

18. Thank
you…