Information and communication technologies principles and perspectives

1. Information and Communication
Technologies(ICT)
Principles and Perspectives
Lecture : Distributed multimedia systems

2. Mobile IP
• The Internet architecture and protocols for supporting mobility, collectively
known as mobile IP
• Supports many different modes of operation
• with or without a foreign agent
• multiple ways for agents and mobile nodes to discover each other
• use of single or multiple COAs
• multiple forms of encapsulation etc.

3. Mobile IP standard
1. Agent discovery. Mobile IP defines the protocols used by a home or foreign
agent to advertise its services to mobile nodes, and protocols for mobile nodes to
solicit the services of a foreign or home agent
2. Registration with the home agent. Mobile IP defines the protocols used by the
mobile node and/or foreign agent to register and deregister COAs with a mobile
node’s home agent.
3. Indirect routing of datagrams. The standard also defines the manner in which
datagrams are forwarded to mobile nodes by a home agent, including rules for
forwarding datagrams, rules for handling error conditions, and several forms of
encapsulation

4. Mobility in Cellular networks
• Home network
• Home location register (HLR)
• Visited network
• Visitor location register (VLR)

5. Handoffs in GSM

6. Steps of Handoffs

9. Context aware Applications
• The location, identities of nearby people and objects and changes to those objects
• The user’s location, the environment, the identity and the time
• The user’s emotional and physiological state, focus of attention, location and
orientation, data and time, objects and people in the user’s environment, user
preferences, patterns, calendar, team structure
• The aspects of the current situation
• The elements of the user’s environment that the computer knows about

10. Main categories of context
• External (physical)
• detecting location, light, sound, movement, touch, temperature, air pressure etc.
• Internal (logical)
• the user’s goal, tasks, work context, business processes, the user’s emotional state, etc.

11. Context aware applications
• Context aware applications are therefore those which are able to adapt their
operations to the current context without explicit user intervention and aim
at increasing usability and effectiveness by taking the user context into
account
• location-sensitive tourist guide
• advertising
• navigation systems
• health monitoring systems