Introduction to cloud computing

1. Introduction to Cloud Computing
Tilani Gunawardena
PhD(UNIBAS), BSc.Eng(Pera), FHEA(UK), AMIE(SL)
2019/11/22

2. What is a Cloud?
“Cloud” - a metaphor for the Internet
 Fuzzy term
o Lots of people mean very different things when they talk
about cloud technologies.
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3. Ancient story about blind men and an elephant
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“Each one of you is correct; and
each one of you is wrong.

4. Comparison
Grid computing: A form of distributed Computing
Cluster of loosly coupled, networked computers acting in concert to perform
large tasks
Utility computing: The packaging of computing resources, such as computation
and storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility such as
electricity
Autonomic computing :computer systems capable of self-management
Data Centre Clusters
High Performance Computing
Web Services : communication between two electronic devices over the world
wide web
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5. Introduction to Clouds: History
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6. 6
ENIAC - Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer
1946 the World’s 1st
General Purpose
Computer
The Evolution of Computing

7. ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
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 ENIAC calculated a trajectory in 30 seconds that
took a human 20 hours (allowing one ENIAC
hour to displace 2,400 human hours).
 About 1,800 square feet and consisted of
almost 20,000 vacuum tubes, 1,500 relays,
10,000 capacitors, and 70,000 resistors.

8. 8
We already live in Cloud world !

9. Cloud Definitions
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• Definition from Wikipedia
 Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, whereby shared
resources, software, and information are provided to computers and
other devices on demand, like the electricity grid.
 Cloud computing is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable
and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the
Internet.

10. On-demand Outsourcing
“Pay-as-You-Go”
“CLOUD COMPUTING”
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Why Cloud Computing

11. Why Cloud Computing
Analogy:
”If you only need milk, would you buy a cow? “
software /hardwaresending emails
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12. Private Car
VS
Rental or Public Vehicle
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Just Rental with cheap price
Buying it with expensive price
Why Cloud Computing?

13. Buy a house or rent it ?
Rent a house or stay in a hotel ?
Yahoo email, Gmail, or Hotmail
The server and email management software is all on the
cloud ( internet) and is totally managed by the cloud service
provider Yahoo , Google
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14. In Business View: When it’s smarter to rent
than to buy…..
Techie’ s View: It offers the ability to access
softwares or information that can be delivered
on-demand, over the internet, without the need
to store it locally……
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15. Cloud Computing Provides all the infrastructure
needed to run applications over the Internet
Cloud computing can do everything……….
or only some things if you don't need
everything.
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16. Characteristics of Cloud Computing
Scalability: Upgrades and changes to the services are done
instantaneously and easily enabling the cloud computing service to
be resilient
Agility: As a shared resource, the cloud provides flexible, automated
management to distribute the computing resources among the
cloud’s users.
Reliability & Fault Tolerance
Service oriented
Utility based
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17. Characteristics of Cloud Computing
Security: Security is often as good as or better than under traditional
systems
Application Programming Interface: API accessibility to software that
enables machines to interact with cloud software
Cost: Cost is greatly reduced
Device and location Independence
On demand service
Highly Automated: No longer do IT personnel need to worry about
keeping software up to date.
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18. Government is Moving to the Cloud
LocalStateFederal Non-profit
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Cloud Today

19. Transportation
General
Government
Environment &
Natural Resources
Public Safety &
Justice
EducationHealth & Human
Services
Economic
Development
Science & Tech
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Cloud Today: Across Segments

20. Layers of Cloud Computing
Clients
Services
Application
Platform
Storage
Infrastructure
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21. Client
Consists of computer hardware and/or computer software which relies on
cloud computing for application delivery, or which is specifically designed for
delivery of cloud services and which, in either case, is essentially useless
without it.
◦ Mobile (Android, iPhone, Windows Mobile)
◦ Web browser (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox)
◦ Operating Systems
◦ Computers
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22. Application
Cloud application services or “Software as a Service (SaaS)” deliver software as a
service over the Internet, eliminating the need to install and run the application
on the customer’s own computers and simplifying maintenance and support.
CRM
Email
Virtual Desktop
Communication
Games
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23. Infrastructure
Cloud infrastructure, such as Infrastructure as a
service, is the delivery of computer infrastructure,
typically a platform virtualization environment, as a
service.
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24. Platform
A cloud platform, such as Platform as a service, the delivery of a computing
platform, and/or solution stack as a service, facilitates deployment of applications
without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying
hardware and software layers.
◦ Web application frameworks
o Python Django (Google App Engine)
o Ruby on Rails (Heroku)
o .NET (Azure Services Platform)
◦ Web hosting (Rackspace)
◦ Force.com
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25. Services
A cloud service includes "products, services and solutions that are delivered and
consumed in real-time over the Internet". For example, Web Services ("software system
designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network")
which may be accessed by other cloud computing components, software, e.g., Software
plus service, or end users directly.
Identity (OAuth, OpenID)
Integration (Amazon Simple Queue Service)
Payments (Amazon Flexible Payments Service, Google Checkout, PayPal)
Mapping (Google Maps, Yahoo! Maps)
Search (Alexa, Google Custom Search, Yahoo! BOSS)
Others (Amazon Mechanical Turk)
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26. Storage
Database (Amazon SimpleDB, Google App Engine's BigTable
datastore)
Network attached storage (MobileMe iDisk, Nirvanix ,CloudNAS)
Synchronization (Live Mesh Live Desktop component, MobileMe
push functions)
Web service (Amazon Simple Storage Service, Nirvanix SDN)
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27. Popular Clouds Storages
Amazon S3
Google Docs
Apple iCloud
DropBox
SkyDrive
Box
SugarSync
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29. 29

30. Basic CC Models
Infrastructure as a Service
Platform as a Service
Service as a
Service
Applications
Built by
The cloud
consumers
Services
Provided by
the Cloud
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31. SaaS – Service as a Service
PaaS – Platform as a Service
IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service
BPaaS – Business Process as a
Service
APaaS – Application Platform
as a Service
AIaaS – Application
Infrastructure as a Service
DaaS – Desktop as a Service
NaaS – Network as a
Service
CaaS – Communication as a
Service
XaaS –
Everything
as a
Service
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Cloud Today : Expansion of CC Models

32. Cloud Today : Cloud Provider
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33. Cloud Anatomy
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34. IaaS
IaaS is the delivery of technology infrastructure(virtual machines, virtual storage,
virtual infrastructure, and hardware assets as resources to clients) as an on demand
scalable service
The IaaS layer extends the virtualization layer by providing the mechanisms to
provision and control the virtual machines in a utility computing manner.
The end user is able to control cost by knowing exactly how much each virtual
machine instance costs per minute/hour.
Usually billed based on usage
Usually multi tenant virtualized environment
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35. IaaS enabling technique
Virtualization
Server Virtualization
Storage Virtualization
Network Virtualization
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36. PaaS(Platform as a service )
Platform as a service, another SAAS, this kind of cloud computing
providing development environment as a service. You can use the
middleman’s equipment to develop your own program and transfer it to
the users through internet and servers.
PaaS provides all of the facilities required to support the complete life
cycle of building and delivering web applications and services entirely
from the Internet.
Typically applications must be developed with a particular platform in
mind
Multi tenant environments
Highly scalable multi tier architecture
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37. 37

38. SaaS
This kind of cloud computing transfer programs to millions of users through
browser
user’s views,: this can save some cost on servers and software.
In the provider’s views, they only need to maintain one program, this can also
save cost
Ex: Salesforce.com ,Google Apps and Zoho Office are also providing this kind
of service
SaaS is a software delivery methodology that provides licensed multi-tenant
access to software and its functions remotely as a Web-based service.
Usually billed based on usage
Usually multi tenant environment
Highly scalable architecture
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39. Type of Services: Location of the cloud
Public clouds
Private clouds
Community clouds
Hybrid clouds
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40. Public clouds
Resources are dynamically provisioned on an on-demand,
self-service basis over the Internet, via web applications/web
services, open API, from a third-party provider who bills on a
utility computing basis.
These services are free or offered on a pay-per-use model.
Ex: Amazon AWS ,Microsoft and Google own and operate
the infrastructure and offer access only via Internet.(direct
connectivity is not offered)
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41. Basic characteristics
•Homogeneous
infrastructure
•Common policies
•Shared resources and
multi-tenant
•Leased or rented
infrastructure
•Economies of scale
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42. Private clouds
Private cloud is cloud infrastructure operated solely for
a single organization, whether managed internally or
by a third-party and hosted internally or externally
Ex: IBM, HP, Microsoft
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43. Public vs. Private
Comparison :
Public Cloud Private Cloud
Infrastructure Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Policy Model Common defined Customized & Tailored
Resource Model Shared & Multi-tenant Dedicated
Cost Model Operational expenditure Capital expenditure
Economy Model Large economy of scale End-to-end control
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44. Community clouds
A community cloud is formed when
several organizations with similar
requirements share common
infrastructure. Costs are spread over fewer
users than a public cloud but more than a
single tenant.
Ex: All Government organizations within
the state of California may share computing
infrastructure on the cloud to manage data
related to citizens residing in California.
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45. Hybrid clouds
A hybrid cloud environment consists of some portion of computing
resources on-site (on premise) and off-site (public cloud).
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46. Cloud Ecosystem
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48. Applications
Practically limitless
With the right middleware, a cloud computing system could execute all
the programs a normal computer could run.
Everything from generic word processing software to customized
computer programs designed for a specific company could work on a cloud
computing system
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49. Cloud Computing for Research Community
For research groups cloud computing can provide
convenient access to reliable, high performance
clusters, without the need to purchase and maintain
or even understand sophisticated hardware and high
performance computational methods.
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50. Large Scale Data Analysis on Cloud Systems
Cloud systems can be effectively exploited for this purpose as they
provide scalable storage and processing services, together with
software platforms for developing and running data analysis
environments
Scalable Storage
Computing facilities
The Google File System (GFS) and Hadoop Distributed File System
(HDFS) are two examples of proven approaches to creating
distributed highly fault tolerant massive storage systems.
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51. What does the cloud allow us to do that
we could not do before?
Compute- intensive problems
◦Large-scale image processing,
◦Sensor data correlation,
◦Social network analysis,
◦Encryption/decryption,
◦Data mining,
◦Simulations,
◦Pattern recognition,
are strong examples of problems that can be solved in the cloud
computing domain.
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52. Pay-as-you-go basis: 1000 computers used for 1 hour costs
the same as one computer used for 1000 hours. If your
problem can be computed in a way that takes advantage of
parallel processing, you can now get the answer 1000 times
as fast for the same amount of money.
Embarrassingly parallel: Cloud computing works best when a
problem can be broken down into a large number of
relatively independent tasks, each running on its own
computer.
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53. Using the Cloud for Simulation and Analysis
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54. Simulations and Analysis Via Cloud
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55. Autodesk Simulation 360
Engineering simulation
Predict, optimize, and validate design decisions with proven simulation
technology
Better manage your simulation workflow and workload
Run and access simulations anywhere, anytime
Reduce costs with minimal hardware investments and pay-as-you-go
software
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56. NEEShub tools: OpenSees in the Clouds
OpenSees is a software framework for simulating the
seismic response of structural and geotechnical systems.
It is the computational platform for research in
performance-based earthquake engineering at PEER
Version 2.2.2 now available with over 80 material types, 30
element types, 20 integration schemes, 15 numerical solvers,
10 solution algorithms
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57. Case Study : Steel Building Study
◦7200 records
◦2 min a record ,
◦240 hours or 10 days ,
◦Ran on 2000 processors on teragrid in less than
15 min
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58. Case Study : Concrete Building Study
◦113 records,
◦4 intensities ,
◦3 hour a record,
◦would have taken 1356 hours or 56.5 days
◦Ran on 452 processors of a Teragrid in less than 5
hours.
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60. CUDA in the Cloud
CUDA is a parallel computing platform and programming
model invented by NVIDIA.
It enables dramatic increases in computing performance by
harnessing the power of the graphics-processing unit (GPU).
Peer1: Is a long-established hosting company with data
centers across the U.S., in Canada, and Europe.
Hoopoe:is an Israel-based project designed to build cloud-
based GPU computing systems based on Tesla GPUs
Amazon EC2: Supports GPU clusters using CUDA
programming.
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62. Benefits of Cloud Computing
Eliminate expense of acquiring, managing and operating hardware
Elastic computing Pay-as-you-go model /Reduced cost
More Storage
There will never be a worry about running out of disk space
Automatically Updated
Shared Resources
No software needs to be installed, saving time and money
Enable services to be used without understanding their infrastructure
The cloud service providers will supply all the Backup and Recovery facilities
Mobility
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63. Risk of Cloud Computing
In July 2008, Amazon’s S3 cloud storage service went down for the second
time that year. A lot of applications were hosted by the company and all those
services could not be accesses until techs cloud fix the problem. Some
applications were down for eight hours.
Data: Sometimes it is more difficult to integrate your applications if they are
geographically dispersed. That it is easier to manage and access your data if it
is nearby, and not under someone else’s control.
You do not have control over the remote servers, their software, or their
Security
Your data is at the mercy of a third-party company
Additional cost of data transfer fees
It may be difficult to migrate massive amounts of data from the provider
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65. Conclusions
Cloud computing is still struggling in its infancy with negative and positive
Comments.
cloud computing is rapidly emerging as a viable alternative to traditional
approaches
Data security is an important factor for cloud computing and to day modern
Encryption algorithms play the main role in data security of cloud computing
Real business value can be realized by customers of all sizes
Cloud solutions are simple to acquire, don’t require long term contracts and
are easier to scale up and down as needed
Proper planning and migration services are needed to ensure a successful
implementation
Third party monitoring services ensure customer are getting the most out of
their cloud environment
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