20 Tips and Tricks with the Autonomous Database

VP AIOps for the Autonomous Database
Sandesh Rao
Sangam AIOUG
20 Tips and Tricks with Autonomous Database
@sandeshr
https://www.linkedin.com/in/raosandesh/
https://www.slideshare.net/SandeshRao4

The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information
purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any
material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The
development, release, timing, and pricing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s
products may change and remains at the sole discretion of Oracle Corporation.
Statements in this presentation relating to Oracle’s future plans, expectations, beliefs, intentions and
prospects are “forward-looking statements” and are subject to material risks and uncertainties. A
detailed discussion of these factors and other risks that affect our business is contained in Oracle’s
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, including our most recent reports on Form 10-K and
Form 10-Q under the heading “Risk Factors.” These filings are available on the SEC’s website or on
Oracle’s website at http://www.oracle.com/investor. All information in this presentation is current as of
September 2019 and Oracle undertakes no duty to update any statement in light of new information or
future events.
Safe harbor statement

1. Get started with Free Tier
2. Get started with OML
3. Find your home region
4. Why upgrade to paid
5. Wallet rotation
6. Partitions with external tables
7. Track instance creation
8. Performance monitoring
9. Alarms on resource metrics
10. Checking alarm status
11. Performance hub
12. SQL monitor report
13. ASH analytics in performance
hub
14. APEX in Autonomous Database
15. OML Notebooks
16. Auto scaling
17. What to try with free cloud trial
credits
18. Workspaces for OML
19. OML , Spatial , Graph – Free
20. Sharing OML Notebooks
21. Bonus
Agenda

1: How to get started with the
Autonomous Database Free Tier

Always Free services enable developers and students to learn, build and get
hands-on experience with Oracle Cloud for unlimited time
Anyone can try for an unlimited time the full functionality of:
• Oracle Autonomous Database
• Oracle Cloud Infrastructure including:
- Compute VMs
- Block and Object Storage
- Load Balancer
Free tier

Free tier – Tech spec
2 Autonomous Databases (Autonomous Data Warehouse or Autonomous
Transaction Processing), each with 1 OCPU and 20 GB storage
2 Compute VMs, each with 1/8 OCPU and 1 GB memory
2 Block Volumes, 100 GB total, with up to 5 free backups
10 GB Object Storage, 10 GB Archive Storage, and 50,000/month API requests
1 Load Balancer, 10 Mbps bandwidth
10 TB/month Outbound Data Transfer
500 million ingestion Datapoints and 1 billion Datapoints for Monitoring
Service
1 million Notification delivery options per month and 1000 emails per month

Creating a new Always Free ADB

Creating a new Always Free ADB
Simple toggle to
enable “Always
Free”

2: How to get started with
Oracle Machine Learning

STEP 1: Creating OML Users
•Go back to the Cloud Console
and open the Instances
screen. Find your database,
click the action menu and
select Service Console.
Creating OML Users

Log in to the service with your admin password.
Creating OML Users

Go to the Administration tab and click Manage Oracle ML Users to go to the OML user management page - this
page will allow you to manage OML users.
Creating OML Users

Click Create button to create a new OML user. Note that this will also create a new database user with
the same name.
This newly created user will be able to use the OML notebook application.
Note that you can also enter an email address to send an email confirmation to your user (for this lab
you can use your own personal email address) when creating the user.
Creating OML Users

Enter the required information for this user, name the user as omluser1. If you supplied a
valid email address, a welcome email should arrive within a few minutes to your Inbox.
Click the Create button, in the top-right corner of the page, to create the user.
Creating OML Users

Here is the email which each user receives
welcoming them to the OML application.
It includes a direct link to the OML application
for that user which they can bookmark.
Creating OML Users

After you click Create you will see that user listed in the Users section.
Creating OML Users

Signing into OML
Using the link from your welcome email, from Oracle Global Accounts, you can now sign-in to
OML. Copy and paste the application link from the email into your browser and sign-in to
OML.
Note: If you have not specified an email address you can click the Home icon on the top right
of Oracle Machine Learning User administration page to go to OML home page.
Exploring the OML Home Page

Use your new user account omluser1:

Once you have successfully signed in to OML the application home page will be displayed.
Overview of OML Home Page
The grey menu bar at the top of the screen provides links to the main OML menus for the application (left corner)
and the workspace/project and user maintenance on the right-hand side.

3: How to find your
home region

Finding Your Home Region
Home region listed on tenancy page

Finding Your Home Region
Home region shown in data center pull-
down menu in top right section of OCI
console menu

4: Why you should
upgrade to paid

• Maximum of 1 OCPU per database
• Maximum of 20 GB Exadata storage per database
• Maximum of 20 simultaneous database sessions
• Maximum of 2 Always Free databases per tenancy
• No restriction on the workload type
• Both can have the same workload type or they can have different workload types.
• Both data warehouse and transactional workload types are supported
• No scale up/down, no Auto Scaling, no manual backups, and no restore from manual backup
Note: Always Free Autonomous Databases cannot be scaled manually or automatically beyond the
fixed resource restrictions described above.
Always Free ADB - Key Restrictions

Always Free ADB - Key Restrictions
Warning message
when trying to
access a restricted
feature

New option on Actions menu – Upgrade Instance to Paid
Upgrading Always Free Instances

Users are notified in advance via Console banners and Event notifications
Inactivity Monitoring - Database Stoppage

5: Wallet rotation for
ADW or ATP

Per-database with Instance Wallet selected:
• All existing database specific instance wallets will be void.
• Post rotation need to download new wallet to connect to database.
• NOTE - Regional wallets with all database certification keys continue to work
Regional level with Regional Wallet selected:
• Both regional and database specific instance wallets are voided.
• Post rotation need to download new regional or instance wallets to connect to
any database in region
• All user sessions are terminated for databases whose wallet is rotated.
• User session termination begins after wallet rotation completes, however this
process does not happen immediately.
New Option To Rotate Wallets For ADB
1
2

6: Partitions with
external tables in Cloud

All data outside the database
• Files in Object Store buckets
Exposes the power of Oracle partitioning to
external data
• Partition pruning
• Partition maintenance
Enables order-of-magnitudes faster query
performance and enhanced data maintenance
Partitioned External Tables
…2016,04,01 2016,04,02
2016,04,0
3
File-02 in
Object Store
Bucket
File-03 in
Object Store
Bucket
File-01 in
Object Store
Bucket

Note only use of DBMS_CLOUD syntax is supported
Partitioned External Tables
BEGIN DBMS_CLOUD.CREATE_EXTERNAL_PART_TABLE(
table_name =>'PET1’,
credential_name =>'DEF_CRED_NAME’,
format => json_object('delimiter' value ‘,’,
'recorddelimiter' value 'newline’,
'characterset' value 'us7ascii’),
column_list => 'col1 number, col2 number, col3 number’
partitioning_clause => 'partition by range (col1) (
partition p1 values less than (1000) location (
‘https://swiftobjectstorage.us-ashburn-1 ... /file_01.txt') ,
'https://swiftobjectstorage.us-ashburn-1 ... /file_02.txt'') ,
'https://swiftobjectstorage.us-ashburn-1 ... /file_03.txt'') )
)
END;
/

Single table contains both internal (RDBMS) and
external partitions
• Full functional support, such as partial indexing,
partial read only, constraints, etc.
Partition maintenance for information lifecycle
management
• Currently limited support
• Enhancements in progress
Hybrid Partitioned Tables
…2016,04,01 2016,04,02
2016,04,
03
File-02 in
Object Store
Bucket
File-01 in
Object Store
Bucket
DB Partition

Data in any object store can be accessed
• Oracle Object Store, AWS S3 or Azure
Explicit authentication or pre-authenticated URIs
(Admittedly not a specific Partitioning feature,
but cool nevertheless)
Access data in Object Stores
Any Object
Storage

Note only use of DBMS_CLOUD syntax is supported
Hybrid Partitioned Tables
BEGIN DBMS_CLOUD.CREATE_HYBRID_PART_TABLE(
table_name =>'HPT1’,
credential_name =>'OBJ_STORE_CRED’,
format => json_object('delimiter' value ',', ‘
recorddelimiter' value 'newline', ‘
characterset' value 'us7ascii’),
column_list => 'col1 number, col2 number, col3 number’
partitioning_clause => 'partition by range (col1)
(partition p1 values less than (1000) external location (
'https://swiftobjectstorage.us-ashburn-1 .../file_01.txt') ,
partition p2 values less than (2000) external location (
‘https://swiftobjectstorage.us-ashburn-1 .../file_02.txt') ,
partition p3 values less than (3000) ) )
END;

7: How to track instance
creation with work requests

8: Performance monitoring
with Autonomous Database

• Monitor health, capacity, performance of ADB instances
• Uses metrics, alarms, and notifications
• Metrics accessible via OCI console or using APIs
Monitor Performance with ADB Metrics

1. CPU Utilization
2. Memory Utilization
3. Sessions
4. Failed Connections
5. Execute Count
6. Queued Statements
7. Running Statements
8. Failed Logons
9. Current Logons
10. Transaction Count
11. User Calls
12. Parse Count (Total)
Available Service Metrics

Autonomous Database Details page
provides top 6 view of library of
service metrics.
Viewing Top 6 Metrics on
ADB Console

Complete library of
only metrics
available via
the OCI Console
Service Metrics
page or by using
the Monitoring API
Viewing Full Library Database Metrics

Step 1 – Select the required compartment
Setting Up Monitoring Page

Step 2 – Select the metric namespace for autonomous database
Setting Up Monitoring Page

9: Setting alarms on
metrics like CPU Utilization

1

115 Confidential – Oracle Internal
Time Range selector is displayed on the top of the Performance Hub page
Use the Select Duration field to set the time duration
Default, Last 60 mins is selected
• Specify to view Last 8 hours, Last 24 hours, Last week
• Specify a custom time range
Time Range field shows active sessions in chart form.
• Active sessions chart displays avg number of active sessions broken down by CPU, User
I/O, and Wait.
Time Range field and time slider
1

2

Shows Active Session History (ASH) analytics charts to explore ASH data
Drill down into database performance across multiple dimensions such as Consumer
Group, Wait Class, SQL ID, and User Name
Select an Average Active Sessions dimension and view the top activity for that dimension for
the selected time period.
For information on ASH, see Active Session History (ASH) in Oracle Database Concepts.
Active Session History (ASH) Analytics
2

SQL only monitored if running for at least five seconds or run in parallel
Displays monitored SQL statement executions by dimensions including Last Active Time, CPU Time,
and Database Time
Displays currently running SQL statements and SQL statements that completed, failed, or were
terminated.
Information includes Status, Duration, and SQL ID
• Status column has the following icons:
- A spinning icon indicates that the SQL statement is executing.
- A green check indicates SQL statement completed
- A red cross icon indicates that the SQL statement did not complete
- A clock icon indicates that the SQL statement is queued
SQL Monitoring
2

View of a slightly busier system…..

13: ASH Analytics in
Performance Hub

14: Oracle APEX in
Autonomous Database

Free tier – Includes free developer tools
APEX SQL Developer
Web
ML Notebooks REST Interfaces
Cloud Developer Images
Including OCI Software
Development Kits (SDKs),
and database connectors
Terraform
for automation

179
Database-centric web application development framework
Oracle APEX
Develop desktop and
mobile web apps
Visualize and
maintain
database data
Leverage SQL Skills
and database
capabilities

Oracle
APEX
Oracle
Autonomous
Database
180 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Included with New Always Free Service

Oracle Autonomous Database
Analytics = Autonomous Data Warehouse (ADW)
Fully Managed
Includes Oracle APEX at no additional cost
Autonomous
Transaction
Processing
Autonomous
Data Warehouse
OLTP = Autonomous Transaction Processing (ATP)

182
Home Page
Comprehensive Development IDE, Web Application Development, and SQL Database Development

183
SQL Workshop
Browser based maintenance of database objects and data
Designed to meet application developers’ needs, especially in hosted environments

184
SQL Workshop – Quick SQL
Rapidly design and prototype data models using a markdown-like shorthand syntax
that expands to standards-based Oracle SQL.

15: Oracle Machine
Learning Notebooks

The following
screen should
appear:
Running an SQL Statement

The white panel below the main title (SQL Query Scratchpad – this name is automatically generated) is an area
known as “paragraph”. Within a scratchpad you can have multiple paragraphs.
Each paragraph can contain one SQL statement or a SQL script.

In the SQL paragraph area copy and paste this code snippet. Your screen should now look like this:

Press the icon shown in the red box to execute the SQL statement….

…and display the
results in a
tabular format:

Using the report menu bar you can change the table to a graph and/or export the result set to a CSV or TSV file.
When you change the report type to one of the graphs, then a Settings link will appear to the right of
the menu which allows you to control the layout of columns within the graph.
Click on the bar graph icon to change the output to a bar graph (see below)

Click on the Settings link to unfold the
settings panel for the graph.
To add a column to one of
the Keys, Groups of Values panel
s just drag and drop the column
name into the required panel.
To remove a column from the
Keys, Groups of Values panel just
click on the x next to the column
name displayed in the relevant
panel.

Changing the layout of the graph
With the graph settings panel
visible:
• Remove all columns from the
both
the Keys and Values panels.
• Drag and drop MONTH into
the Keys panel
• Drag and drop REVENUE into
the Values panel
• Drag and
drop AVG_12M_REVENUE int
o the Values panel

Tidying up the report
•Click on the Settings link to hide the layout controls.
•Click on the Hide editor button which is to the right of the "Run this
paragraph" button.

Now only the output is visible.

Saving the Scratchpad as a New Notebook
The SQL Scratchpad in the previous section is simply a default type notebook with a system
generated name. But we can change the name of the scratchpad we have just created SQL
Query Scratchpad.
•Click on the Back link in the top left corner of the Scratchpad window to return to the OML
home page.

Notice that in the Recent Activities panel there is a potted history of what has happened to
your SQL scratchpad “notebook”.

Click on Go to Notebooks in the Quick Actions panel

Confidential
ADB autonomously and continuously monitors overall system performance
ADB scales CPU-IO resources based on overall workload requirements
• Scaling up autonomously expands CPU-IO resources by up to 3x
Enabled when provisioning new ADB instance or using Scale Up/Down on the Oracle Cloud
Infrastructure Console.
What is “Auto Scaling”

Confidential
ADB is completely responsive to actual usage patterns
Reduces cost of having too many OCPUs just to manage peak traffic load
Auto scaling manages unexpected spikes in workload and ensures consistent performance
BUT…Enabling auto scaling does not change the concurrency and parallelism settings for the
predefined services
Key Benefits of Auto Scaling

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Auto scaling up as workload increases – ETL, adhoc analytics, data mining
As Workload Increases More OCPUs Automatically Added…

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Auto scaling downwards as workload decreases
As Workload Decreases Number of OCPUs Reduces ...

Confidential
Ensure sufficient resources for query
workloads
• Month-end reporting can leverage
additional resources
• Run more sophisticated processing
(machine learning models) without
impacting other users
• Support increase in concurrent usage:
Monday morning sales reports for
weekend trading
• Support more dynamic range of users
(more adhoc queries, more machine
learning models, more data discovery…)
Ensure sufficient resources for ETL
workloads
• Time-dependent data loads can
automatically get access to more
resources
• Unexpected data load operations can
run without impacting other users
• Integrates nicely with CPU-I/O Shares
feature
Uses Cases for Data Warehousing

Confidential
Ensure sufficient resources for mixed
workloads
• Month-end transaction reporting can
leverage additional resources as required
• Run more sophisticated app processing
(using machine learning models) without
impacting application users
Better manage peak application workloads
• Time-dependent application loads can
automatically get access to more
resources
• Unexpected peak in operations can run
without impacting users
Integrates nicely with CPU-I/O Shares
feature
Uses Cases for Transaction Processing

Creating a new Autonomous Instance
Enabling Auto Scaling – One-Click!

17: What to try with
free cloud trial credits

What can I try with Cloud Free Trial Credits? - Infrastructure
Compute
3,500 hours, 1.5 TB of storage.
High-performance VMs and
bare metal servers
Storage
5 TB storage. Object and block
storage to store and access
data at scale
Containers
3,500 hours of compute for
managed Kubernetes and 2 TB of
storage for highly available Docker
registry. Pay only for resources in
your secure and isolated cloud
partition
Functions
112 million invocations and 20
million gigabyte memory-
seconds of execution time.
Load Balancer
3,500 hours. Automatically
distribute traffic and deliver
scalability and fault tolerance
FastConnect
1,400 hours. Connect your data
center to the cloud with a private
network

What can I try with Cloud Free Trial Credits? - Databases
Autonomous Transaction
Processing
3,338 hours, 2 TB of Oracle
Exadata storage. Mission-critical
transaction processing made
effortless; the future of database
in the cloud.
Autonomous Data Warehouse
3,338 hours, 2 TB of Oracle
Exadata storage. Get your data
warehouse deployed in seconds.
Fully managed, preconfigured,
and optimized.
NoSQL Database
1.25 billion writes, 2.5 billion reads*, 100 GB storage per month.
Fully managed, elastic, and flexible. Get up and running in
minutes.
* 1 KB record size, absolute consistency reads, per month.
Database
3,200 hours, 500 GB of storage.
The most complete, integrated,
and secure database for any
deployment.
Database Backup
5 TB of Oracle Database
backups. A secure, scalable,
on-demand storage solution
for backing up your Oracle
Database to the cloud.

18: Workspaces for
OML what are those

On the home page the main focus is the “Quick Actions” panel. The main icons in this panel provide shortcuts to
the main OML pages for running queries and managing your saved queries.
All your work is automatically saved – i.e. there is no “Save” button when you are writing scripts and/or
queries.

What is a Workspace?
• A workspace is an area where you can store your projects. Each workspace can be shared
with other users so they can collaborate with you. For collaborating with other users, you
can provide different levels of permission such as Viewer, Developer and Manager – these
will be covered in more detail later in this lab. You can create multiple workspaces.
What is a Project?
• A project is a container for organizing your notebooks. You can create multiple projects.
What is a Notebook?
• A notebook is a web-based interface for building reports and dashboards using a series of
pre-built data visualizations which can then be shared with other OML users. Each
notebook can contain one or SQL queries and/or SQL scripts. Additional non-query
information can be displayed using special markdown tags (an example of these tags will
be shown later).

Opening a new SQL query scratchpad
From the home page click on the “Run SQL Statement” link in the Quick Actions panel to open a new SQL query
scratchpad.

19: OML , Spatial and Graph is
free with the Oracle Database

• As of December 5, 2019, the Machine Learning (formerly known as Advanced Analytics), Spatial and
Graph features of Oracle Database may be used for development and deployment purposes with all
on-prem editions and Oracle Cloud Database Services.
• See the Oracle Database Licensing Information Manual (pdf) for more details.
• Oracle’s multi-model converged architecture by supporting multiple data types, data models (e.g.
spatial, graph, JSON, XML) and algorithms (e.g. machine learning, graph and statistical functions)
and workload types (e.g. operational and analytical) within a single database.
• Processing and analyzing all types of spatial data in business applications, GIS and operational
systems
• Using graph analysis to discover relationships in social networks, detect fraud, and make
informed recommendations
• Building and deploying machine learning models for predictive analytics
OML , Spatial and Graph is free with the Oracle Database

Logging in to OML as the second OML (OMLUSER2) user
By default, when you create a notebook it’s only visible to you.
To make it available to other users you need to share the workspace containing the notebook. You can create new
workspaces and projects to organize your notebooks for ease of use and to share with other users.
To demonstrate the sharing process let’s begin by logging in to OML as our second OML (OMLUSER2) user and checking
if any notebooks are
available.
•Click on your user name in the top right corner (OMLUSER1) and select “Sign Out”.
Sharing notebooks

Now sign-in as OML
user OMLUSER2 using the
password you entered at
the beginning of this
workshop:
Sharing notebooks

Notice that you have no activity listed in the Recent Activities panel on your OML home
page and you don’t have any notebooks.
•Hint – click on the Go to Notebooks link in the Quick Actions panel:
Sharing notebooks
Repeat the previous steps to logout of OML and sign into OML as OMLUSER1.

Changing Workspace Permissions
•From the OML home page, click on link OML Project (OML Workspace) link in the top right corner on
the OML home page to
display the workspace-project menu. Then select Workspace Permissions.
Sharing notebooks

•The permissions dialog box will appear (see below).
• In the dialog box next to the Add Permissions text
type OMLUSER2 (use uppercase).
• Set the permission type to Viewer (this means
read-only access to the workspace, project and
notebook).
•Note:
• A “Developer” would have read-only access to the
workspace, project but could add new notebooks,
update and delete existing notebooks and
schedule jobs to refresh a notebook.
• A “Manager” would have read-only access to the
workspace, can create update and delete projects,
add new notebooks, update and delete existing
notebooks and schedule jobs to refresh a
notebook.
Sharing notebooks

Click the Add button to add the
user OMLUSER2 as a read-only viewer of
the workspace. Your form should look like
this:
Finally, click the OK button.
Sharing notebooks

Sharing notebooks
Accessing shared notebooks
Now repeat the process you followed at the start of this section and
sign-out of OML and sign-in to OML again as user OMLUSER2.
First thing to note is that the Recent Activities panel below the Quick
Links panel now shows all the changes user OMLUSER1
made within the workspace OML-Workspace.

As user OMLUSER2 you can now run the Sales Analysis Over Time notebook by clicking
on the blue-linked text in the Recent Activities panel (note that your recent activity will be
logged under the banner labelled “Today”).
Sharing notebooks

The notebook will now open:
Sharing notebooks

21: Zero Downtime Database
Migration to the Oracle Cloud

Zero Downtime Migration
Copyright © 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Simple Migration to the Oracle Cloud
Back Up / Restore for DB Instantiation
Leverages Oracle MAA Best Practices
Zero Data Loss
Cloud Security Enabled

Sources Targets
Same Version / Platform

Workflow
Download ZDM1
Application
ZDM
SSH SSH
SQLnet
Connects to Source & Target2
Connects to Object Store3
Transfers DB Files4
Instantiates Standby5
Syncs Primary & Standby6
Switches Over & Role Swaps7
User Finalizes at Will8

Installation
• As zdmuser
• ./zdminstall.sh setup oraclehome=zdm_oracle_home
oraclebase=zdm_base_directory ziploc=zdm_software_location
-zdm
• oraclehome ZDM toolkit installation home
• oraclebase ZDM config files, logs and other artifacts
• ziploc ZDM compressed shiphome file
• Installation completes under 15 minutes end-to-end.

Source DB
• Must be running in Archivelog mode
• For 12.2+ If TDE is not enabled, TDE Wallet must be configured
• If Source is Oracle RAC DB, then configure SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE
to point to a shared location on all Oracle RAC instances to avoid ORA-
00245 error during backups
• Verify that port 1521 is open and not blocked by a firewall.

Target DB
• A Placeholder DB using OCI console must be created
• Should be in Open Mode
• Different Patch level ?
• Cloud and On-Premises Database must be at the same patch level
• TDE Wallet status should be set to OPEN and WALLET_TYPE
should be set to AUTOLOGIN

236
www.oracle.com/goto/zdm

Thank You
Any Questions ?
Sandesh Rao
VP AIOps for the Autonomous Database
@sandeshr
https://www.linkedin.com/in/raosandesh/
https://www.slideshare.net/SandeshRao4

20 Tips and Tricks with the Autonomous Database

20 Tips and Tricks with the Autonomous Database

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