Mould Equipments and Moulding processes Moulding processes Shovel Riddle Rammers p Peen rammer hand rammer floor rammer Strike off Bar Vent Rod Trowel Slick Lifters Draw Spike Draw Screw Mallet Swab Sprue Pin Gate Cutter Bellow Clamps Green Sand Mould Dry Sand Mould Dry Skin Mould Loam Mould Plaster mould CO2 Mould Bench moulding Floor moulding Pit Moulding Sweep moulding Plate moulding

1. Mould Equipments and
Moulding Processes

2. Equipments Used to Prepare Mould
• (1) Hand tools
1. Shovel: It is used for mixing and
tempering of moulding sand and
for moving the sand from pile to
flask.
2. Riddle: It is also called sieve or
screen, used to remove bits of
metal and foreign particles from
the moulding sand.

3. Equipments Used to Prepare Mould
3. Rammers: Used to pack the sand evenly into the mould and for
ramming in corners.
A. Peen rammer B. Hand Rammer C. Floor rammer

4. Equipments Used to Prepare Mould
4. Strike off Bar: Used for removing excess sand from the mould box.
5. Vent Rod: It is used to create vent at the time of pouring of metal
inside the mould.

5. Equipments Used to Prepare Mould
6. Trowel: It is used to shape and smoothen the surface of the mould
and for doing minor repairs.
7.Slick: for repairing or slicking (smoothing) a mould surface.

6. Equipments Used to Prepare Mould
8. Lifters: used for finishing work in tight places, for repair work, or
removing loose sand which has fallen to the bottom of the mould.

7. Equipments Used to Prepare Mould
9. Draw Spike or Draw Screw:
Which are used to remove the
pattern from the mould.
10. Mallet: It is used to loosen
the pattern in the mould.
11. Swab: used for applying
water to the mould around the
edge of the pattern.

8. Equipments Used to Prepare Mould
12. Sprue Pin: It is placed inside the
mould and molten metal is poured
after removing it from mould. A hole
is prepared by sprue pin is known as
runner.
13. Gate Cutter: It is a piece of sheet
metal used to cut the opening that
connects the runner with the mould
cavity. This opening is called a gate.

9. Equipments Used to Prepare Mould
14. Bellow: It is used to remove
dust from mould cavity. It is
hand operated.
15. Clamps: These are used to
hold the cope and drag of the
completed mould together so
that the cope may not float or
rise when the metal is poured
into the mould.

10. Description of Moulding Processes

11. Description of Moulding Processes
1. Green Sand Mould:
• The green sand is the sand with
moisture only.
• This mould gives low strength.
• It takes minimum time and cost
to prepare.
• This mould may break during
handling, so proper care is
required.
• Gaggers used to increase
strength.

12. Description of Moulding Processes
2. Dry Sand Mould:
• Same As Green Sand Casting but the mould is dried before pouring
molten metal.
• During handling it cannot break it also provides better surface finish.
• Products may be defective due to resistance to shrinkage.
3. Dry Skin Mould:
• This mould is a mixture of green and dry sand.
• For drying the surface layer gas torch, hot air or infrared lamp is used.
• After drying the surface layer immediately it is used, otherwise dry
surface absorb humidity from wet layer and decreases hardness and
strength.

13. Description of Moulding Processes
4. Loam Mould:
• These moulds are made of bricks and other materials to the
approximate contour of the casting and a thick coating of loam
sand.
• The correct shape of mould is obtained by rotating sweep pattern.
• The surface of the mould is dried by forced hot air or torches.
• large castings like cylinder, paper making rolls and bells can be
made economically.

14. Color of sand

15. Description of Moulding Processes
5. Plaster mould:
• Mixture of plaster of paris, silica
dust, and water.
• This slurry is poured on metal
pattern and set. foster time. After
removing pattern and baked at
around 600°F mould is prepared
• Provides better surface finish.
• This mould provides low porosity
so limited application.

16. Description of Moulding Processes
6. CO2 Mould:
• The process consists of thoroughly
mixing of clean, dry silica sand with
3 to 5 % sodium silicate liquid base
binder in a muller.
• CO, is forced into the mould or core
at a pressure of 1.5 kg/cm2 for 10 to
30 seconds.
• Sodium silicate present in the mould
reacts with CO, to form a substance
called Silica gel. This silica gel
hardens and acts as a cement to bond
the sand grains together.

17. Description of Moulding Processes
7. Bench moulding:
Bench moulding is carried out on a
convenient bench and the moulds
prepared are relatively small.
8. Floor moulding:
In this method the moulding of medium
and large moulds is directly carried out
on the floor.
9. Pit Moulding:
In this method, the moulding is carried
out in the pits and generally very large
moulds are made.

18. Description of Moulding Processes
10. Sweep moulding:
• Sweep pattern is used for
sweep moulding.
• Sweep is rotated with
reference to post and
cavity is prepared.
• This method is useful for
symmetrical cross-
section.

19. Description of Moulding Processes
11. Plate moulding:
• For very large quantity
production and for very
heavy castings.
• Reducing time to make
new mould.