Indian agriculture depends on factors like climate, landforms, soil types, and water availability. The main types of agriculture practiced in India are primitive, subsistence, commercial, and plantation. Cropping patterns include mono, dual, multiple, and mixed cropping. Major crops are classified as food crops (rice, wheat, millets, pulses), cash crops (sugarcane, cotton, jute, oilseeds, tobacco), and plantation crops (tea, coffee, rubber, spices). Leading states are identified for the production of these crops. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) coordinates agriculture in India.
3. Factors of agriculture
Climate
ex.wheat –punjab – medium temperature
rice –tamilnadu –higher temperature
Land form
Plains are more suitable for agriculture
.because there is more alluvial soil
Ex.plains of ganga and cauvery
4. Soil types
Inspite of the growth in technology , soil still continues to be one of the most
important factor in deciding the crops.
Ex.alluvial soil-rice /sugarcane
black soil –cotton
• Water
india – monsoon country – uneven distribution of rain fall
/irrigation
crops –abudant water – grown in high rain fall /high
irrigation.
meet food require ment of growing population -areas of low
rainfall –dry crops are grown.
6. Primitive agriculture
Forest –more rainfall –clean – crops
raised for two or three years
This agriculture is known by different
names at different places such as
JHUM in assam
PODU in orissa and andhra
Mashan in madhya pradesh
Ponam in kerala
7. Subsistence agriculture
½ production –family consumption
½ producion –sold market
Farming done in north ganga plain –south cauvery
–godhavari –mahanadhi plains
Major crops –wheat and rice
Also known as intensive agriculture
Praticised in alluvial soil
8. Commerical agriculture
Great demands crops
Crops are cultivate on a lager scale –
export to other countries –earn foreign
exchange
Also known as extensive agriculture
Practiced in gujarat ,punjab
,harayana,maharashtra and tamilnadu
9. Plantation agriculture
Single crop – large area
Area owned by industry
Agri mainly for industries
Tea ,coffee & rubber are plantation
crops .
Crops are grown on the hilly areas of
north eastern states of india especially
west bengal.
11. Cropping season in india
Name Sowing period Harvest period major crops
Kharif June (beginning
of monsoon)
Early days of
november
Paddy ,maize
,cotton,millet
,jute ,sugarcane
rabi November(begin
ning of winter)
March
(beginning of
summer)
Wheat
,tobacco,mustar
d ,pulses,
linseed ,grains
Zaid March
(beginning of
summer)
June (beginning
of monsoon)
Fruits
,vegetables
,watermelon,
cucumber
12. ICAR
THE Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (ICAR) is an autonomous
body responsible for co-ordinating
agricultural education and research
in India.(1929)
It reports to the Department of
Agricultural Research and Education,
Ministry of Agriculture.
The Union Minister of Agriculture
serves as its president
13. It changed the indian peoples
(demanding food to excess)
Indian Council of Agricultural Research's
headquarters is in New Delhi.
PRESIDENT IS Radha Mohan Singh
14. revolution depends on agri
.
Pasumai purachi-agri. production
Venmai purachi-milk products
Sambal purachi-egg and poultry farm
Pon purachi-fruits production
Manjal purachi-oil seeds
Neela purachi-sea products
17. Rice
Important crop
India second place
World –india +china -90%production
Punjab +harayana- rainfall low –so usage of irrigation
Leading rice production country in the states-west
bengal,punjab,u.p,andhra pradesh,& tamilnadu
Tamilnadu –ner kalangiyam – tanjore
19. wheat
Practisied in winter and spring season
Major wheat growing states - u.p, punjab
,madhyapradesh,harayana,rajasthan,bih
ar,gujarat,
Due to green revolution punjab and
harayana increased their production.
22. pulses
Madhya pradesh –highest –pulses
production
Drought time pulses can grow
Major states –
m.p,rajasthan,harayana,punjab,maharas
tra,gujarat,a.p,and tamilnadu
27. cotton
India -4th place in world
Alluvial soil needed for cotton production
High and medium temperature season it
will fast
Major leading states-
gujarat,maharastra,a.p,karnataka,tamiln
adu,m.p,punjab,harayana
29. oil seed
other than Olive oil seed all seeds are
produced in india .
Oil seeds are ground nut,sunflower oil
seed,coconut oil seed,soyabeans
,mustard ,
32. tea
It is cultivated between 3000 to 4000
altitude mountains,
Major leading states –assam,west
bengal,kerala,tamilnadu
Highest producer of state -assam
34. coffee
Karnataka –leading state in coffee
60% coffee seeds produced in
karnataka
World peoples are thinking that coffee
related to india is quality related.