3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001_REVD01 HSE PHILOSOPHY.pdf

MELLITAH OIL & GAS B.V.
LIBYAN BRANCH
PROJECT AND LOCATION
INLET GAS COMPRESSION STATION
WAFA DESERT PLANT
DOCUMENT NR.
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
JOB NUMBER
C/658/WA/11
REV.
D01
SHEETS / OF
1 / 27
CONTRACTOR DOCUMENT NUMBER
LYG212-360-FB-0001
HSE PHILOSOPHY
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
Rev. D01
Oct 2012
D01 17 Oct 12 Issue for Design R. Claps S.Sordoni A. Battistelli
P00 25 Jun 12 Issue for Approval R. Claps S.Sordoni A. Battistelli
Rev. Date Description Prepared Verified Approved

MELLITAH OIL AND GAS B.V
LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
INLET GAS COMPRESSION STATION /
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 2 / 27
SUMMARY
1 GENERAL .............................................................................................................................4
2 OBJECTIVE ..........................................................................................................................5
3 DEFINITION AND ABBREVIATION......................................................................................5
4 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS.................................................................................................6
4.1 COMPANY SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................................... 6
4.2 FEED SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................................................... 6
4.3 PROJECT DOCUMENTS .................................................................................................................. 6
4.4 STANDARDS..................................................................................................................................... 7
5 DESIGN CRITERIA ...............................................................................................................8
5.1 INHERENTLY SAFE DESIGN ........................................................................................................... 8
5.2 KEY DESIGN POINTS ....................................................................................................................... 8
5.3 EARLY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION............................................................................................................. 8
5.4 HAZOP STUDY....................................................................................................................................... 9
6 PLANT LAYOUT ...................................................................................................................9
6.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................. 9
6.2 LAYOUT PRINCIPLES ............................................................................................................................. 9
6.3 REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT LAYOUTS........................................................................................... 10
6.4 ESCAPE ROUTES................................................................................................................................. 11
6.5 DRAIN SYSTEMS.................................................................................................................................. 11
6.6 PROCESS DRAINS ............................................................................................................................... 12
6.7 EMERGENCY POWER /LIGHTING ........................................................................................................... 13
7 HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION ............................................................................ 13
7.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................... 13
7.2 EQUIPMENT SELECTION....................................................................................................................... 14
7.2.1 Electrical Equipment .............................................................................................................. 14
7.2.2 Mechanical Equipment........................................................................................................... 14
7.2.3 Earthing and lightning protection ........................................................................................... 15
7.2.4 Ventilation .............................................................................................................................. 15
7.2.5 Fired Equipment..................................................................................................................... 15
7.2.6 Area Classification Drawings ................................................................................................. 16
8 PROCESS DESIGN SAFETY CRITERIA............................................................................ 16
8.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................... 16
8.2 FLARE AND BLOWDOWN SYSTEMS ....................................................................................................... 16
9 PROCESS CONTROL AND SAFETY SYSTEMS ............................................................... 16
9.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................... 16
9.2 PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM ............................................................................................................... 17

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 3 / 27
9.3 EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN (ESD) AND DEPRESSURISATION (EDP) SYSTEMS ........................................... 17
9.4 FIRE AND GAS DETECTION SYSTEM....................................................................................................... 18
9.4.1 Flammable Gas Detection ..................................................................................................... 19
9.4.2 Fire Detection......................................................................................................................... 19
9.4.3 Fire and Gas Detection Panel and Alarms ............................................................................ 20
10 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS .......................................................................................... 20
10.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................... 20
10.1.1 Fire Protection Philosophy..................................................................................................... 20
10.2 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION.................................................................................................................... 21
10.2.1 Fire Protection........................................................................................................................ 21
10.2.2 Existing Firewater and Foam Systems .................................................................................. 21
10.2.3 Water Spray System .............................................................................................................. 21
10.2.4 Total Flooding CO2 System for new facilities......................................................................... 22
10.2.5 Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing System ................................................................................ 22
10.2.6 Portable Fire Extinguishers.................................................................................................... 22
10.3 PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION.................................................................................................................. 22
11 PERSONNEL HEALTH AND SAFETY................................................................................ 23
11.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................... 23
11.2 PERSONNEL SAFETY EQUIPMENT ......................................................................................................... 23
11.3 PERSONNEL PROTECTION.................................................................................................................... 23
11.4 SAFETY SHOWERS AND EYEWASHES.................................................................................................... 24
11.5 SAFETY SIGNS .................................................................................................................................... 24
11.6 MEDICAL FACILITIES............................................................................................................................ 24
12 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ..................................................................................... 25
12.1 GENERAL........................................................................................................................................ 25
12.2 EMISSION TO AIR........................................................................................................................... 25
12.3 SOIL & GROUNDWATER PROTECTION....................................................................................... 25
12.4 WASTE MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................. 26
12.5 NOISE AND VIBRATION................................................................................................................. 27

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 4 / 27
1 GENERAL
Wafa Desert Plant receives crude oil and gas from five remote clusters (NG-1, NG-2, SG-1, NO-1,
NO-2), and from the wells located near the plant, in order to produce sales gas and condensate,
treated to achieve commercial grade specification at the Mellitah Coastal Plant.
Company intends to expand the facility by the installation of a New Inlet Gas Compression Unit, in
order to increase plant throughput and compensate for the decrease in plant arrival pressure as
the gas fields are depleted.

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 5 / 27
2 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this document is to define the general principles and strategy for the safety of the
New Inlet Gas Compression Station and the facility personnel, to ensure that the same design
philosophy is applied to all elements and phases of the project.
The Project HSE philosophy has been developed around the principle that the most cost-effective
design results from adopting inherently safe design solutions, such that hazards are identified at an
early stage and either eliminated or proper measures to effectively control or mitigate them are
provided.
3 DEFINITION AND ABBREVIATION
BDV Blowdown valve
DCS Distributed Control System
ESD Emergency Shutdown
EDP Emergency Depressurization
FEED Front End Engineering Design
F&G Fire and Gas
HAZOP Hazard and Operability Study
HSE Health, Safety and Environment
HVAC Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
LER Local Equipment Room
LSD Local Shutdown
P&ID Piping & Instrumentation Diagram
PEM Project Engineering Manager
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
PM Project Manager
PSD Process Shutdown
SS2 Electrical Substation
QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment
UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply
WAFA Western Libya Gas Plant

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 6 / 27
4 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
4.1 COMPANY SPECIFICATIONS
[1] 20199.VON.SAF.SAS. – “On shore Plant – Safety general Criteria”
[2] 20191.VON.SAF.SDS. – “On shore installation – Positioning off ire and gas
sensing detectors”
[3] 20243. VON.SAF.SDS. – “On shore installation design layout and safety spacing”
[4] 03653.VAR.GEN.SPC. – “Thermal insulation for Hot Temperature Service”
[5] CR-SPUK-ENGD18- E – “Minimun requirement for equipment Spacing”
[6] 20210.VAR.ELE.SDS – “Grounding and Lightning Protection”
4.2 FEED SPECIFICATIONS
[7] 003428-03-BESG-21001 – Electrical Design Basis
[8] 003428-03-BFRC-14001 – HSE Philosophy
[9] 003428-03-BIST-24000 – General Specification for Instrumentation, Control &
Safety System
[10] 003428-03-BPRV-12003 – Emergency Shut Down and Depressurization
Philosophy
[11] 003428-03-BFRC-14004 – Fire & Gas detection Philosophy
4.3 PROJECT DOCUMENTS
[12] 00-AS-E-02002-11 Emergency Response procedures
[13] 00-AS-E-02002-10 Waste Management procedures
[14] 3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001 HSE Philosophy
[15] 3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00002 Fire and Gas Detection Philosophy
[16] 3426-360-K-DG-BNT-00002 Escape Route Layouts with safety Signal
[17] 3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00007 HAC Data Sheet
[18] 3426-360-K-RV-BNT-00001 Fire water demand study
[19] 3426-360-K-EQ-BNT-00001 Fire &Gas - C&E Chart
[20] 3426-360-K-RV-BNT-00002 Quantitative Risk Assessment
[21] 3426-360-K-RV-BNT-00003 HAZOP SOW
[22] 3426-360-K-FM-BNT-00001 P&ID Firewater Main – West Area (ZONE F 1)
[23] 3426-360-K-FM-BNT-00002 P&ID Firewater Deluge System
[24] 3426-360-K-FM-BNT-00003 P&ID Fire Foam Solution Bladder System
[25] 3426-360-K-ST-BNT-00002 Fire Fighting & Safety Equipment Specification
[26] 3426-360-K-RZ-BNT-00001 HAZOP Report
[27] 3426-360-K-RV-BNT-00004 HAZOP Follow-up Report
[28] 3426-360-K-DH-BNT-00001 Hazardous Area Classification (Zone F1) Inlet gas
compression drawing
[29] 3426-360-K-DG-BNT-00002 Escape route layout with safety signal
[30] 3426-360-K-DG-BNT-00003 Fire & Gas Detection layouts
[31] 3426-360-J-FM-BNT-00001 to 00017 P&IDs New Inlet Gas Compression Area
[32] 3426-360-K-MS-BNT-00001 HSE Manual for Construction, pre-Commissioning and
Commissioning
[33] 3426- 360-C-SD-BNT-00101 Design Specification For Civil Works
[34] 3426-360-J-RP-00001 Shutdown Philosophy
[35] 3426-360-J-RP-00002 Relief and Blowdown System Design
[36] 3426-360-E-ST-BNT-50056- 230Vac UPS and Battery Room Technical
Specification and Data Sheet

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 7 / 27
4.4 STANDARDS
[37] Basingstoke Design Practice, General Rules governing piping and design practice,
CR-SPUK-ENG-018-E
[38] American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 505, Classification of
Locations for Electrical Installation at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class I,
Zone 0, Zone 1 and Zone 2
[39] American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 521, Pressure Relieving and
Depressuring Systems
[40] American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 520, Sizing Selection and
Installation of Pressure Relieving Devices in Refineries
[41] American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 2218 Fireproofing Practices
in petroleum and Petrochemical Processing Plants
[42] ANSIZ358.1 Standard for Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment, published
by American National Standards institute, 2004 edition
[43] National Fire Alarm Code – NFPA 72, Version 2007
[44] NFPA 30, Flammable And Combustible Liquids Code
[45] IEC 60079, Explosive atmospheres –Part 10-1 Classification of areas – Explosive
gas atmospheres
[46] IEC 60079-14, Explosive atmospheres –Part 14: Electrical installations design,
selection and erection
[47] IEC 60529 Classification of degree of protection provide by enclosure (IP Code)
[48] IEC 61882 Hazard and Operability Studies – Application Guide
[49] IEC/ISO 31010 Risk Management – Risk Assessment Techniques
[50] NFPA 10 'Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers', Published by National Fire
Protection Association, 2007 Edition
[51] NFPA 11 'Standard For Low-, Medium-, And High-Expansion Foam', Published By
National Fire Protection Association, 2005 Edition
[52] NFPA 12 'Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems', Published by
National Fire Protection Association, 2008 Edition
[53] NFPA 13 'Standard for Installation of Sprinkler Systems, Published by National Fire
Protection Association, 2005 Edition
[54] NFPA 14 'Standard for Stand Pipe and Hose Systems, Published by National Fire
Protection Association, 2003 edition
[55] NFPA 15 'Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection, Published
by National Fire Protection Association, 2007 Edition
[56] NFPA 16 'Fire Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinklers and Foam-
Water Spray Fixed Systems', Published by National Fire Protection Association,
2007 Edition
[57] NFPA 37 'Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines
and Gas Turbines', Published by National Fire Protection Association, 2006 Edition
[58] NFPA 2001 'Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, Published by
National Fire Protection Association, 2008 edition

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 8 / 27
5 DESIGN CRITERIA
5.1 INHERENTLY SAFE DESIGN
The principal objectives are to ensure an inherently safe design of the facilities with due regard to
the climatic and environmental conditions to (Ref.[8]):
a) Minimise the likelihood and consequences of an accidental event, such that the risk to
on-site personnel is as low as reasonably practicable.
b) Minimise the potential for hazardous occurrences.
c) Ensure a safe working environment for personnel.
d) Ensure adequate means of escape are provided.
e) Maximise the benefits of protection measures, such as layout and the separation of
identified non-hazardous and hazardous areas.
f) Provide sufficient safety devices and redundancy to isolate and minimise uncontrolled
releases of flammable liquids and gases.
g) Provide appropriate fire protection systems to control any reasonably foreseeable fires
which could develop during normal operations.
h) Minimise the potential for pollution of the environment from accidental spills, venting or
flaring of hazardous materials.
i) Ensure that the new proposals complement existing facilities and do not compromise
or conflict with them.
5.2 KEY DESIGN POINTS
The engineering and design of the facilities shall pay specific attention to the following (Ref.[8]):
• Personnel protection;
• Protection of the environment;
• Plant and equipment layout;
• Hazardous area classification;
• Safeguarding by instrumentation and control;
• Start-up, shutdown and blowdown;
• Fire and gas detection and alarm systems;
• Fire protection systems;
• Overpressure protection systems;
• Equipment isolation for maintenance;
• Specification breaks;
• Vents and flares;
• Drains;
• Escape routes.
This is in addition to any risk-based design techniques and general principles of inherently safer
design.
5.3 EARLY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
In inherently safer design, hazards are avoided by identification early in the design process,
leading to a number of possibilities (Ref.[8]):
• The hazard can be eliminated at source ('designed out');
• Inventories of hazardous materials can be reduced so that the consequences of a leak
are minimised ('intensification');
• Less hazardous operating conditions can be employed, where economic and practicable
(e.g. low pressure).
• lf the hazard remains, it can be isolated or local protection provided.

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 9 / 27
5.4 HAZOP STUDY
A Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) study shall be performed to identify hazards and potential
major operability problems associated to the project design, verify the adequacy of the protection
measures and, if necessary, recommend actions to be incorporated into the design for improving
the level of protection and/or operability.
The HAZOP study involves a multi-disciplinary team reviewing the design; the HAZOP study
sessions for the New Inlet Gas Compression Station Design and Operation will be conducted
using the methodology of IEC 61882 (Hazard and Operability Studies – Application Guide) (Ref.
[46]) and IEC/ISO 31010 (Risk Management – Risk Assessment Techniques) (Ref.[49]).
In particular, the following P&IDs will be subject to HAZOP study:
• New P&IDs;
• Relevant sections of existing site P&IDs modified during engineering of the new Inlet
Gas Compression Station Facilities.
Changes to P&IDs after HAZOP study will be carried out according to the requirements described
in company procedures.
A HAZOP Chairman will be appointed by Company. The Chairman will lead the HAZOP study
and, with the co-operation of the Scribe, will prepare the HAZOP Study Report (Ref. [26]). All
actions of the HAZOP Analysis will be reviewed by the Contractor’s relevant disciplines and a
Project response will be prepared for Company review and approval.
A formal HAZOP Follow-up activity (Ref.[27]) shall be developed to ensure that all action items
from HAZOP will be reviewed and appropriate mitigation measures will be implemented in the
design with an auditable track.
6 PLANT LAYOUT
6.1 GENERAL
The primary consideration when laying out hydrocarbon processing facilities is its impact on the
public and the environment. Economics also affects the layout of the facilities; therefore there
must be balance between the incremental benefit resulting from greater spacing and additional
costs.
The layout and design of the new Inlet Gas Compression Station shall reflect the results and
recommendations of the hazard assessment studies, plot plan reviews and the basic guidelines
given in this document, as well as codes of practice. As new equipment is being added within an
existing plant, the availability of space within existing plant areas for new equipment will need to
be carefully considered against the layout principles detailed below.
6.2 LAYOUT PRINCIPLES
The following principles governing the location and layout of the new equipment shall be followed
(Ref.[8]):
a) Adequate separation between flammable hydrocarbons and ignition sources shall be
provided.
b) Adequate separation shall be provided between hydrocarbon-handling areas and
emergency services, main safety systems and areas considered non-hazardous.
c) Structural integrity shall be maintained during an incident to avoid escalation and provide
sufficient time to enable orderly and safe evacuation.
d) Control facilities and related buildings are already existing but shall be preferentially
located so that they are largely unaffected by leaks of flammable material for the new

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 10 / 27
facilities, incident heat radiation or explosion overpressures resulting from credible
accidents. Where this cannot be achieved, construction of buildings shall be sufficient to
ensure that residual risks arising from the addition of the new equipment due to accidental
loads are within acceptable limits.
e) Adequate access to all areas for fire-fighting shall be provided.
f) Sufficient means of escape to enable efficient evacuation from all areas to designated
assembly points under accident conditions shall be provided.
g) Suitable drainage and spill control shall be provided reviewing where necessary the
provision and the existing philosophy.
h) The new equipment shall be located and oriented such that prevailing winds direct
flammable gases and routine emissions away from safe areas and away from identifiable
strong sources of ignition, e.g. fired heaters.
i) Atmospheric vents shall be located so as to cause minimum interference or hazard to the
facility and personnel (existing site flares shall be employed).
j) Process piping and equipment which are sources of hydrocarbon leaks should be routed
so as to minimise the likelihood of external impacts.
k) Emergency shutdown valves shall be provided and located in such a way that the risk of
involvement in a developing accident is minimised.
l) Valves shall be fire-rated and located a minimum practicable distance from the vessels
and equipment served.
6.3 REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT LAYOUTS
The minimum requirements for equipment spacing and layout are indicated in Figure 1 in
accordance with the Snamprogetti practice CR-SPUK-ENGD18-E (Rif.[5]) . However, separation
distances for safe and hazardous areas shall never be less than required by the results of hazard
assessment.
Figure 1 – Minimum Requirement for equipment spacing

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 11 / 27
6.4 ESCAPE ROUTES
At least two escape routes shall be provided from all areas and buildings throughout the facilities.
The escape routes shall be based on providing the shortest route from the hazard to a point of
safety.
Escape routes in process areas shall take the most direct route from the immediate hazard to an
area of lesser hazard and shall avoid directing personnel escaping from a non-hazardous area
through a hazardous area to a piece of safety.
Escape routes are to be designed in accordance with Agip specifications (Ref.[3] and [1]) as
designated below:
a) Primary escape routes from all areas to assembly points shall have a minimum clear
width of 1000 mm.
b) Assembly points shall be designated and shall be located a safe distance from the
process area or building being evacuated so as to avoid interference with fire department
operations.
c) Secondary escape routes where escape is in one direction only shall have a minimum
clear width of 800 mm.
d) Stair widths on primary escape routes shall be a minimum of 1000 mm subject to the
number of personnel that will be expected to use the stair in an emergency. On
secondary routes, this may be reduced to 800 mm. Platforms will be provided at levels
suitable for access to equipment and provided with local lighting appropriate to the tasks
to be undertaken.
e) The clear height of any escape route shall be 2100 mm.
f) The configuration of primary escape routes shall provide adequate room for fire-fighting
and rescue teams to operate unhindered. Where changes in elevation of escape routes
occur, or a potential tripping hazard exists, ramps or stairways shall be provided.
The minimum clear width of stairways shall generally be the same as the escape route they
serve.
• Every escape route and assembly point shall be readily accessible, unobstructed, well
marked and provided with adequate lighting. Direction arrow markers shall be
strategically positioned along escape routes where it is necessary to guide personnel to
assembly points. Equipment and fixtures, if located along escape routes, shall be
recessed so as not to reduce the effective width of the passageway.
• Any doors on escape routes shall be easily opened from either side and shall not be
capable of being permanently locked except by frangible elements. In determining the
direction of opening of doors, consideration shall be given to the effects of pressurisation
in the respective area. All doors shall be illuminated by an emergency Iighting system.
• Escape way outdoors must be at least 0.7m.
6.5 DRAIN SYSTEMS
Drainage system involved in the handling, processing and storing of hydrocarbons becomes
an important part of both fire and environment protection and should satisfy the growing
concern of health, safety and environment related issues within Libya.
The drainage system shall consider the following basic concepts in the layout and early
design phase as below:
Route flammable fluids away from ignition sources and into closed drains, and
should isolate also flammable pours in drainage piping from ignition sources
Direct spills of burning liquid to a safe location, away from equipment that might
rupture and add fuel to the flames.

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 12 / 27
Minimise the spread and area of exposure from spills and fires
Drain off rainwater quickly and prevent flooding from outside sources
Minimize air emissions from evaporation of volatile fluids by capturing them in closed
drains
Keep wastes out of soil, groundwater and surface water
Segregate clean and contaminated water to reduce the amount of water to be
treated
Develop catchments, in case of emergency to prevent flow towards the plants or
facilities
Safely dispose of hydrocarbons during drain-down of process vessels and
equipment
Hazardous and non-hazardous drain systems shall be completely segregated from each other, so
that there is no risk of contaminating non-hazardous areas via back flow from a hazardous area.
No drain system shall be routed to a location which could affect the local environment.
The dimension of the system collecting this part of plant drainage (oily water sewer) must be
comply with the volume of the liquid drained in emergency.
The drainage system shall be dimensioned in order to evacuate the highest quantity of water
coming from the controlled equipment (cooling water or meteoric waters).
6.6 PROCESS DRAINS
Each piece of equipment from the New Inlet Compression Unit, or pumps is provided with two
drains: one is closed and shall be directed by gravity to the Closed Drain Drum (SY – oily
sewage) located below grade level, which is connected to the LP flare system. The other is
atmospheric and shall be collected into the open drain network (WY- oily water) trough an open
funnel (Ref.[33]).
Equipment shall be drained only after being depressurized and shall be positively isolated from
the drain system during normal operation.
Chemical leakage from equipment shall be contained within curbed paved areas sloping into a
pit, where they shall be locally neutralized.
Nitrogen coming from the existing WAFA Desert Plant nitrogen supply header, shall be required
on a continuous basis at the new Inlet Gas Compression Station for use as seal gas for the
compressor secondary and tertiary seals.
The area to be drained shall be divided into catchment areas not exceeding 300m
2
if paved or
1000m
2
if unpaved. Areas to be drained in oily sewer shall be divided into zones of not more than
4500m2 separated from one another by a sealed manhole (Ref.[33]) .
The maximum water travel on the paving should not exceed 15 meters. Maximum paving slope
shall be 1%. Each area shall be provide with a catch basin (Ref.[33]).
Manhole shall be provided at any change of direction and at every connection between main and
secondary lines. Manholes covers, in hazardous areas, shall be gastight (Ref.[33]).

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 13 / 27
6.7 EMERGENCY POWER /LIGHTING
EMERGENCY POWER
Electrical power for the new Inlet Gas Compression Station will be supplied from the existing SS2
of WAFA Desert Plant. Uninterruptible power supply systems shall be provided for the New
Compressor area. The UPS back-up times for essential equipment are as follows:
o IGCS Control System (Mark VI), DCS and non-safety related equipment: 30 minutes;
o ESD, FG and safety related equipment: 2 hours.
EMERGENCY LIGHTING
Emergency lighting of adequate intensity shall be provided wherever the safety of persons or
plant may be endangered in the event of loss of normal main lighting. A suitable number of
lighting units are to be used as emergency lighting for the new facility. Emergency lighting fixture
shall be self powered with a suitable battery to guarantee the requested performance.
The lighting fixtures for outdoor installation shall be IP55 minimum.
All the lighting fixture shall be certified for the classification of the area where they will be installed
(Ref.[7]).
7 HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION
7.1 GENERAL
The facilities shall be classified according to the likelihood of flammable gases and liquids being
released and the hazards which they would present. The identification of release sources and the
definition of Gas group and Class temperature shall be carried out in accordance with IEC 60079
(Ref.[45]). The extent of hazardous areas shall be in accordance with recommendations in API
RP 505 (Ref.[38]).
In particular the electrical equipments shall be certified according to IEC 60079 and selected for
use in one of the specific hazardous areas classified according to API RP 505, as follows:
Zone 0
A zone in which an explosive gas air mixture is continuously
present.
Zone 1
A zone in which an explosive gas air mixture is likely to occur in
normal operation
Zone 2
A zone in which an explosive gas air mixture is not likely to occur
during normal operation and, if it does, will exist only for a short
time
All other areas will be deemed non-hazardous and normal industrial apparatus will be used,
except for reasons of standardization.
The layout of the new facilities shall ensure that hazardous areas are completely contained within
the boundaries of the facility and that ignition sources are located outside hazardous areas.
Care shall also be taken to ensure that shelters or equipment enclosures do not inadvertently
impair ventilation.

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 14 / 27
The layout and design of the facilities shall ensure that control and electrical rooms, as well as
any manned buildings, are non-hazardous by location and/or by positive pressurisation through
the ventilation system.
7.2 EQUIPMENT SELECTION
7.2.1 Electrical Equipment
Electrical equipment installed in hazardous areas shall be suitable for use in the appropriate
area classification and shall comply with the requirements of IEC 60079 (Ref.[46]).
As a minimum the electrical material in hazardous area shall be suitable for gas group IIB and
temperature class T3 and IIC T3 if installed in battery rooms.
For reason of uniformity, maintenance and spare parts the equipment to be installed in the safe
process area shall be suitable for installation in area classified Zone 2 (Ref.[7]).
The default method of protection shall be flameproof EEx’d’ in line with the existing plant
standard. Where EEx’d’ is not commercially available or practical EEx’e’ or EEx’n’ shall be used.
Intrinsically safe EEx’i’ shall be used only when the previous methods of protection are
unsuitable (Ref.[9]).
The mechanical protection degree of electrical equipment shall be selected according to IEC
60529 (Ref.[47])
7.2.2 Mechanical Equipment
All mechanical equipment installed in hazardous areas shall be of a type that is non-sparking (or
otherwise protected) and adequately protected against the generation of a static charge. All hot
surfaces shall be suitably insulated and/or segregated from personnel.
For a product to be approved for a hazardous location, it must be designed so that an explosion
of the flammable or combustible material surrounding the device does not occur. Two usual
methods are used: Intrinsic Safety and Explosion Proof (Flame Proof) (Ref. [8])
Intrinsic Safety
An Intrinsically Safe piece of equipment is an electrical device that is incapable of causing an
ignition of the prescribed flammable gas, vapour, or dust, regardless of any spark or thermal
effect that may occur in normal use, or under any conditions of fault likely to occur in practice.
Explosion Proof (Flame Proof)
An Explosion Proof (or Flame Proof, as classified in IEC and Cenelec standards) device is an
electrical device designed with an enclosure capable of withstanding, without damage, an
explosion within it of a specific gas, fiber, or dust. In turn, it prevents ignition of these same
materials surrounding the enclosure by a spark or flame from the explosion within.
The applicable code and standards for equipments installed in hazardous areas are indicated in
Figure 2.

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 15 / 27
DESCRIPTION
NEC
500
NEC 505 CSA IEC CENELEC
Intrinsically
Safe for all
gases, dusts
and fibres
continuously
present at
external
temperature to
135°
C (Certified
with
Intrinsically
safe barrier
parameters
Intrinsically
Safe Entity
for uses in
Class I, II,
III Div.1
Groups A-
G
hazardous
locations
Class I
Zone 0
AEx d IIC
T4
Certified
for Class I
Div.1
Groups A-D
Class II
Div.2
Groups E-G
Class III for
hazardous
locations
Ex ia IIC
T4
EEx ia IIC T4
Explosion proof
for all gasses,
dusts and
fibres
intermittently
present at
external
temperature of
85°
C
Explosion Proof
for Class I Div.1
Groups A-D
hazardous
locations
Class I
Zone 0
AEx d IIC
T6
Ex d IIC
T6
EEx d IIC T6
Figure 2 – Applicable code for equipment installed in hazardous areas
7.2.3 Earthing and lightning protection
The earthing and lightning protection system shall follows the ENI specification for Grounding
and Lightning Protection n°20210.VAR.ELE.SDS (Ref.[6]).
The main purpose of the earthing system is to achieve equipotential bonding of the network, in
order to avoid differential potentials between two parts connected to earth.
All metallic structures shall be used as main earth loop. The interconnection of non welded part
of bridges (foot bridges etc.) shall be made at two separate points by means of tin-plated copper
braid welded to the structure.
Each technical and electrical room shall have an earth loop connected to the structure via
earthing conductors and sispatchers.
7.2.4 Ventilation
To minimise the classification of a hazardous area, adequate ventilation is necessary. In
unrestricted open areas a natural airflow across an area is considered sufficient by area
classification codes for it to be considered adequately ventilated.
In other cases as per sect. 6.6.2.1 of API 505 (Ref. [38]) the ventilation (natural or artificial) is
defined adequate if it is sufficient to prevent the accumulation of quantities of vapour - air
mixture in concentration above 25% of their lower flammable limit.
For any enclosed areas in which flammable hydrocarbon processing equipment is to be
installed, there are specific ventilation requirements, as defined by codes.
Enclosed areas (rooms, buildings or spaces) that are provided at least 0.028 m
3
(1.0 ft
3
.) of air
volume flow per minute per square foot of floor, but at least 6 air changes per hour, can be
considered as adequately ventilated (sect.6.6.2.4.2 of Ref. [38]). This ventilation rate can be
accomplished by either natural or mechanical means.
7.2.5 Fired Equipment
The existing fired equipment presents an obvious source of ignition to any leaks which might
occur. The layout principles identified in Sections 4.2 and 4.3 shall ensure that spacing between

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 16 / 27
fired equipment and the new Inlet Gas Compression Station and related equipment which could
leak far exceed area classification spacing requirements.
7.2.6 Area Classification Drawings
Hazardous equipment schedules and area classification drawings shall be prepared and shall
include the following information:
• Identification of sources of release;
• The classification and extent of all hazardous zones;
• Notes regarding selection of electrical equipment.
8 PROCESS DESIGN SAFETY CRITERIA
8.1 GENERAL
The following general aspects shall be taken into consideration during the design of the new
facilities:
• Maintenance activities on process equipment will be protected by ensuring positive
isolation from the process
• All major hydrocarbon vessels will incorporate relieving systems which will be vented to
flare (Relieving systems shall meet the requirements of API RP 521)
• All hydrocarbon-bearing pipes will be arranged in such a way as to minimise the risk of
mechanical damage.
8.2 FLARE AND BLOWDOWN SYSTEMS
The existing process facilities are currently provided with a flare and blowdown systems. A
feasibility study performed on March 2007 by JGC using WLGP design data indicated that the
current capacity of main flare header and flare stack of HP and LP Flare system is adequate for
both planned Stage 1 and Stage 2 plant capacity increase operation.
According to the above study approach, some changes are required for the pressure relieves
valve capacity and its associated line size but in general the plant was capable of processing an
extra 10% of feedstock.
In addition for the new Inlet Gas Compression Station plant:
• Depressurisation systems will be designed in accordance with API RP 520/521 (Ref. [39]
and [40])as far as practical.
• The effect of cooling due to the gas expansion during depressurisation will be carefully
evaluated both during normal operation and during emergencies.
• Relief flares from the new facilities will tie into the existing plant flare headers, as
indicated, and utilise the existing flares.
9 PROCESS CONTROL AND SAFETY SYSTEMS
9.1 GENERAL
The suitability and provision of monitoring and trip functions in the new Inlet Gas Compression
Station will be assessed during design reviews, according to the criteria below.

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 17 / 27
9.2 PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
One of the main functions of the process control/safety systems is to detect any abnormal
process conditions that might result in a dangerous situation. The systems have a logic with
several levels of intervention in relation to the possible effects of the process deviation on safety
and production continuity. The following general criteria shall be applied to the new equipment.
• The process safety systems will be designed such that they can be tested without
interrupting operations.
• Sensors and valves included in safety/trip systems will be kept independent of, and in
addition to, the process control functions.
• The critical high-Iow situations on the process parameters will be monitored by dedicated
instruments.
• When the sensors activate a protection function, the location of the incident shall be
automatically signalled in the control room (the alarm condition shall be signalled in the
Instrument Control Room and it shall be repeated in the Central Control Room).
Control of the fire and safety systems shall be exercised from one command point, located in the
instrument control room, which is a safe and permanently manned area. All pertinent information
from production, fire and gas detection and protection equipment, together with alarm and
communication systems, shall be monitored, displayed and controlled from this point and
repeated in the Central Control Room and Fire Station.
Equipment and instrumented parts of the process safety and control systems will be of the fail-
safe type.
9.3 EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN (ESD) AND DEPRESSURISATION (EDP) SYSTEMS
The main purpose of the ESD/EDP system is to prevent potentially hazardous conditions from
developing into hazard or accident, as well as to minimise the consequences of accidental events.
The following criteria will be applied to the new Inlet Gas Compression Station.
• The activation of the ESD system shall result in a shut down of all the relevant facilities
and it will be possible to actuate it either automatically or manually by means of push-
buttons located in the control room, and also to the “plant shutdown” push button located
in Central Control Room.
• The shutdown system, including sensors, actuators and associated connections and
circuits, shall operate independently of other process and alarm systems.
• Automatic sequences of shutdown will be actuated by means of air operated on-off
valves.
• The ESD circuits and actuators will fail to a safe position on loss of power.
• The ESD system design will consider interference from electromagnetic sources and will
incorporate suitable protection.
• It will be possible to test critical items of the ESD system without stopping normal process
operation.
• Inhibition of ESD functions shall be possible for a limited period only with the consent of
the control room operator and shall inactivate a single safety function. Optical warning will
be provided in the control room.
• ESD actuators and cables will have resistance to the effects of fires and falling objects.
• ESD hands-witches located in the main control room will be clearly marked and protected
from inadvertent use.
• ESD valves shall not auto-reset. Local reset switches shall be provided for identified,
critical ESD valves.

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 18 / 27
The design of the Emergency Shutdown (ESD) and Emergency Depressurisation (EDP) will be in
accordance with API RP 520 and API RP 521 and according to the project document Emergency
Shut Down and Depressurisation Philosophy Doc. 003428-03-BPRV-12003 (Ref. [10])
The shutdown level hierarchy is correlated a the various plant units. The shutdown system is
designed in order to divide the plant in two section: the division follows the priority level defined by
gravity of the situation causing the shutdown.
The highest priority level (ESD) is associated to the process or utilities unit whereas other levels
of shutdown (PSD and LSD) are respectively associated to plant section homogeneous for their
type of fluid or single equipment.
The shutdown system occurring in hazardous situation (leaks, overpressure, under pressure,
liquid overflow etc.) and induced by manual actions or automatic actions (refer to activation of fire
and gas sensors or some process instrumentation) causes as effect a protective action through
visual and acoustic alarms signals on installations to the Control Room, and through the control
on the installations.
Based on the process analysis that identifies the critical sections and quantifies the hazards and
risks. Considering the probability of occurrence of a particular set of hazardous conditions and the
sequences of the occurrence, the critical operating parameters shall be selected and the
shutdown logic compiled.
Three levels of Shut Down will be envisaged:
- Level I2: ESD (Emergency Shut Down, with automatic Depressurization)
- Level I4: PSD (Process Shut Down, with partial Depressurization)
- Level I5: LSD (Local Shut Down without Depressurization)
Level of shut down will be assigned dependent upon the degree of hazard to personnel, plant and
environment. Less serious hazards may only require shut down of individual items of plant and
equipment. Emergency shut down system shall be distributed so that higher level shut down will
cause lower level shut down activation as required for the overall safety of the plant.
NOTE: There is also a Level I3 that doesn’t cause any effect on process unit. In case of gas
detection in some Plant area it causes an alarm in instrument control room repeated in Central
Control Room and Fire Station. In addition, if gas is detected in the control room HVAC inlet duct,
relevant dumpers are closed.
All pressurized equipment containing flammable gases must be equipped with a remote operated
BDV valve. Only for sections of the plant containing less than 100 kg of natural gas EDP is not
required. Equipment containing liquid hydrocarbons which operates with a vapour space at a
pressure higher than 3 bar (0.3 MPa) must be also equipped with a remote operated EDP system.
For the compressors in the new Inlet Gas Compression Station, depressurisation will start from
the settle out pressure of each compressor's stage. Sequenced blow-down may be used to
depressurize sections in a fixed sequence, in order to reduce the maximum load on the flare. This
will be considered based on the results of the flare system studies, taking into consideration the
location of the fire zones.
9.4 FIRE AND GAS DETECTION SYSTEM
Fire and Gas detection systems will be provided for the new Inlet Gas Compression Station. A
risk-based approach shall be employed in the design to ensure that the systems provided are
commensurate with the identified risks presented by the facilities protected. Thus, the
flammability, ignition likelihood and qualitative assessment of the associated risks shall all be
considered.

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 19 / 27
The Fire and Gas system for the new Inlet Gas Compression Station will be in compliance with
the existing sections of the WAFA Desert Gas Plant; however, detection requirements shall be
determined based on the perceived risks and other detection criteria identified above.
The design of the Fire and Gas Detection System will be in accordance with the NFPA 72
National Fire Alarm Code, 2007 Edition (Ref.[43]) and according to the existing Fire and Gas
Detection System. When one subject is not covered by this code, the criteria to be adopted shall
be in accordance with the accepted safety standards as currently applied in the Petroleum
Industry and generally called Good Engineering Practice.
9.4.1 Flammable Gas Detection
The requirement for a gas detection system will be considered for the new Inlet Gas
Compression Station facility, in order to provide the earliest indication of a flammable
hydrocarbon leak. The requirement for, number and type of detectors will be based on an
evaluation of:
• Hydrocarbons (or other materials) processed in each fire zone;
• Gas evolution rate;
• Process conditions which could affect the subsequent dispersion of the released material;
• The likelihood of successfully detecting any released material.
The selection and positioning of hydrocarbon detectors shall take into account local ambient
conditions and strong ignition sources to ensure successful operation, reliability and minimise
spurious alarms.
Flammable gas detectors shall indicate two levels for detection of explosive mixtures in order to
facilitate prompt action in case of accidental gas release. The gas detectors set a two different
alarm levels (low and danger) shall generate an alarm signal (pre-alarm and alarm respectively)
and in case of confirmed gas detection (two or more detectors reaching danger level) shall
initiate the appropriate actions (shutdown, isolation of unprotected sources of ignition, etc.).
Flammable gas detectors shall be provided in open area (process area) and also for enclosed
spaces as HVAC and combustion air inlets.
The requirement for gas detection measures in ventilation ducting for manned areas or
combustion air intakes will be based on an assessment of the proximity of the area to
hydrocarbon sources.
In addition H2 detectors shall be installed in rooms where batteries are present (i.e, battery
room).
9.4.2 Fire Detection
The requirement for fire detection devices will be considered for all areas of the new facilities.
The requirement for, and type of, fire detectors employed will be based on the identified fire
hazard, burning characteristics of the fuel(s) involved and the environment in which the fire could
occur (open area or enclosed space).
Devices employed will include flame detectors (open process areas) and heat and smoke
detectors (enclosed areas, non-process).
Smoke detectors (optical type) shall be provided for Instrument Control Building and LERs.
Smoke detectors are designed to sense the presence of particles of combustion, based on
principle of photosensitive sensor that produces an alarm signal when the reduction of received
light.
According to section 5.5.2.1 of NFPA 72 (Ref. [43] ) the detector protection extended includes all
rooms, halls, basements, spaces above suspended ceilings, raised floors and other subdivisions
and accessible spaces as well as the inside of all closets.

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 20 / 27
The location and the spacing of smoke detectors shall be based upon the anticipated smoke
flow due to the plume and ceiling jet produced by the anticipated fire as well as any pre-existing
ambient air flows that could exist in the protected compartment.
Combined ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) detectors shall be used around the gas compressor
modules and in turbine enclosure.
Point type heat detection shall be installed in rooms or over equipment where the earliest
indications of fire are most likely to be temperature raise, or where normal conditions preclude
use of smoke detectors.
Heat detectors, rate of rise (ROR) type, shall be used in areas subject to large (but relatively
slow) temperature increases. They shall be considered for use in open process areas where
waterspray systems are required to be automatically activated, in order to avoid the spurious
actuation of adjacent waterspray systems; this can occur if flame detection is used if process
areas are relatively compact, unless appropriate shielding is provided.
In addition to automatic fire detection devices, local manual alarm call points will be strategically
installed throughout the facilities. The call points will be provided in order that personnel working
at the unit can raise the alarm if a hazardous situation is detected. Manual detection could be a
more effective means of detecting small fires in open process areas, depending on manning
levels and time of day.
9.4.3 Fire and Gas Detection Panel and Alarms
Fire and gas detectors provided for the new facilities shall be monitored and controlled by new
fire and gas alarm control panel, to be installed in the new local Compressor Control/Equipment
Room. Fire and gas detection serving the new facilities will be tied into the existing fire and gas
alarm control panel, located in the main site Control Room and repeated in the Fire Station.
Audible alarms in the new areas will be generated via the new public address (P.A.) system to
be provided in those areas, on receipt of appropriate signals from the new fire and gas system.
Different alarm tones shall be generated for each condition of concern (general fire, gas). In
order that audible alarms are generated across the new Inlet Gas Compression Station, fire and
gas systems and related instrumentation shall be incorporated into the existing control system
and shall be installed with the purpose of taking in a safe state the process or affected
equipment in the emergency event or plant upset.
Audible alarms in the new process areas will be generated in the same manner as in the existing
process and utility areas.
Audible alarms resulting from detection of incidents occurring in any enclosed areas shall be
limited to the affected area and the control rooms only.
10 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
10.1 GENERAL
10.1.1 Fire Protection Philosophy
The fire protection philosophy is one of removal/elimination of fuel sources, reliable automatic
detection and rapid application of extinguishing media to control and extinguish the fire. The
removal of the fuel source results from automatic emergency process and production shutdown,
with relief systems provided for hydrocarbon vessels, and equipment used to minimise the
release of the fuel source.

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 21 / 27
Although the principal means of fire limitation is by adequate separation distances between
individual items of equipment and between equipment areas, fire-fighting and protection facilities
shall be installed to control or extinguish potential fires and provide exposure protection.
The fire protection requirements of the new facilities shall be determined by investigation of the
fire hazards, the nature of the equipment, the layout and manning levels. In addition, the existing
fire fighting capability shall be considered in establishing the requirements for passive, fixed and
portable fire protection. The fire hazards associated with new facilities are essentially the same
as those far the existing facilities, the process and operating conditions being very similar.
The design of the fire protection systems far the new facilities will be based on one major fire or
incident occurring at any one time, which is assumed to be the design basis for the existing
systems.
Design of fire protection systems will be generally in accordance with the applicable NFPA
standards (Ref. [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]) and will be consistent with existing systems
at the WAFA Plant.
10.2 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
10.2.1 Fire Protection
Active fire protection shall be considered in order to reduce, as far as reasonably practicable, the
risks presented by ignited material to the facility. The objectives shall be to:
• Extinguish fires;
• Control the spread of a fire;
• Protect personnel from heat radiation;
• Cool structures, equipment and buildings, where exposed to the effects of a fire.
10.2.2 Existing Firewater and Foam Systems
The fire protection facilities consists of the fire water system that ensures the maximum safety
degree in fire fighting operations, with maximum independence from availability or all services
and utilities provided in the plant.
The system consists of two Winning Water Storage Tanks and a closed loops network fed by
two Diesel Fire Water Pumps and one Electrical Fire Water Pump. The fire water net is kept
always in pressure by two Fire Water Jockey Pumps which takes feed from existing Fire Water
Tanks.
The firewater pumps are provided with automatic, local and remote manual starting facilities.
Once started they can be shutdown manually and locally only. Low pressure in the firewater ring
starts the spare jockey pump, and in case of pressure decreasing, the selected main pump is
started.
A system for foam storage is provided; it comprises 2x100% Foam Unloading/Loading Pumps
(one spare) and two Foam Storage Vessels. The foam solution is produced by mixing AFFF
(Aqueous Film Forming Foam) at 3% in water. The system provides the supply of foam to users
with premixed foam solution formed at local stations(pressure proportioning with diaphragm).
The existing area (Zone F1), where the new Inlet Gas Compressor units will be located, is
already provided with an existing 12 inch diameter underground fire water ring-main surrounding
the complete Zone F1 area. 6, 4” and 1-1/2 diameter blind connections are located and
distributed along the firewater ring-main and shall be used to connect the water spray system
(through fixed distributors), foam system and the hose reels for the new facility.
10.2.3 Water Spray System
Water spray system (through fixed distributors) shall be provided for exposure protection and
heat input from adjacent fires and for vapour dispersion. It shall be manually and/or

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 22 / 27
automatically and it shall be controlled by suitable deluge valve located at safe distance from
exposures.
In case of fire detection the deluge system starts providing only cooling by water application.
The water spray system shall be sized to guarantee application of water in compliance with the
latest issue of NFPA 15 (Ref. [55]). Any system shall consist of:
• One control deluge valve having the following characteristics:
- Clapper deluge-valve electric operated type with control electro valve including
alarm test and drain trim
- Upstream block valve type OSY
- Upstream water filter
- Any necessary support for auxiliary facilities
- Deluge valve supplied full preassembled with all auxiliary facilities
• Spray nozzle as necessary for protection.
Nozzle shall produce a cone shaped spray pattern with uniform discharged characteristics.
10.2.4 Total Flooding CO2 System for new facilities
Total flooding CO2 systems linked to the fire detection system shall be installed for the new gas
turbines enclosures. These systems shall be provided by the machine supplier who shall also
determine whether successive CO2 releases are necessary or not (taking into account the cool-
down response of machinery) and the time delay between releases.
10.2.5 Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing System
Total flooding clean agent fire extinguishing systems linked to the fire detection system shall be
installed for the instrument control room. This system shall be provided to protect
electrical/electronic and telecommunication equipment and subfloor space. According to NFPA
2001 all requirement and measures to avoid unnecessary exposure to inert gas agent resulting
in low oxygen atmospheres in a normally occupied area shall be applied.
10.2.6 Portable Fire Extinguishers
The selection of extinguishers shall be rationalised as far as possible to simplify maintenance.
These shall neither use nor generate highly toxic chemicals and shall have simple operating
instructions attached.
Portable fire extinguishers according to NFPA 10 (Ref. [50]) shall be mounted at a height not
exceeding 1.5 m from floor level to the bottom of the extinguisher and at a minimum distance of
1.2 m from the edge of door openings (where located in enclosures). Extinguishers shall be
recessed if located along escape routes. Extinguishers shall employ water, CO2, dry chemical or
foam as the extinguishing medium, according to the fire risks and equipment to be protected.
10.3 PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
The aim of Passive Fire Protection is to reduce the risk of escalation of a fire scenario, providing
additional time to control and extinguishing the fire, thus minimizing both the risk to personnel,
plant damage and economical loss and also to:
• Identify major liquid hydrocarbon fire hazards originating from the process
plant to be installed as part of the project;
• Define fire zones;
• Define fireproofing requirements for Structures, Vessel Supports, Piperacks
etc.

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 23 / 27
Passive fire protection will be considered for important load-bearing structural members, vessel
saddles, supports and process structures in conjunction with the potential for prolonged fire
exposure in case of hydrocarbon pool fires according to API 2218 criteria (Ref.[41]).
11 PERSONNEL HEALTH AND SAFETY
11.1 GENERAL
The construction of the new Inlet Gas Compression Station facility and its integration into the
existing plant involves specific health and safety issues within a construction and normal
operation context. Typical hazards such as working at height, electrical shock, excavation,
ergonomic conditions, confined spaces, etc. shall be considered during the construction phase
of the project to ensure local compliance with the health and safety legislations and company
HSE requirements.
11.2 PERSONNEL SAFETY EQUIPMENT
Except where risks are adequately controlled by other means, suitable Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) shall be used by the plant personnel, contractors and visitors as required by
the local HSE authorities and plant/company internal safety standards and regulations.
PPE is not to be considered a first line of defence, but only a final means of protection. In all
cases, failings which pose possible hazard or risk shall be designed or managed out of systems,
situations, works or operations.
Suitable PPE must:
- Be appropriate for the risk(s) involved and the conditions at the location.
- Take ergonomic considerations fully into account and be capable of being used
effectively by the employee concerned.
- So far as is practicable, prevent or adequately control the risk of exposure without
creating or increasing overall risk(s).
- Be designed and manufactured to an approved standard.
11.3 PERSONNEL PROTECTION
Insulation for personal safety is envisaged for piping, equipment and machinery that normally
are not insulated, but feature a service temperature that exceeds 60 °
C.
This protection shall be restricted to areas for manoeuvres or passages for personnel. Said
protection shall be extended 600 mm horizontally and 2100 mm vertically from operational areas
or gangways.
When working outdoors the effects of the weather in this environment can potentially have a
very serious impact on an employee's welfare if the risks have never been previously considered
or managed properly. This impact maybe immediate or it occurs over a long time period.
Exposure to the sun can cause skin damage including sunburn, blistering and skin ageing and in
the long term can lead to an increased risk of skin cancer.
Plant personnel can avoid unnecessary exposure by such means as:
- Wearing long sleeve shirts or loose clothing with a close weave;
- Wearing hats with a wide brim;
- More frequent rest breaks;
- Taking breaks in the shade whenever possible;
- Scheduling work to cooler times of the day; and
- If possible, provide shade where work tasks are being undertaken.

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 24 / 27
Sun protection is important and plant and construction personnel need to realize that sun-burnt
skin is damaged skin. A suntan is not a sign of good health. Process and utility pipework
carrying hot fluids, and any hot equipment, will have suitable insulation and/or guarding to
prevent personnel injury from contact with hot surfaces
11.4 SAFETY SHOWERS AND EYEWASHES
Considering that safety shower shall be provided in areas where personnel may come into
contact with hazardous substances (in particular chemicals), for the new Inlet Compression Area
this safety devices is not required. Only eyebath fountain shall be provided for the battery room
of local Control Room in this Unit. Potable water shall be provided for the eyewash and it shall
be cooled and temperature shall be maintained between 25°
C to 28°
C. The Eyewash Unit shall
be capable of providing flushing water to eyes at not less than 1.5 litres per minute (0.4 gpm) for
15 minutes with stay-open valve as per ANSI Z358.1-2004 (Ref.[42]). The eyewash units shall
be provided with a proximity switch for the purposes of providing an alarm in the plant main
control room. The eyewash units shall be suitable for use in a hazardous area.
11.5 SAFETY SIGNS
Safety signs shall be provided throughout the plant combining the geometrical shape, colour and
pictorial symbol to give specific health/safety or emergency information and/or instructions for
personnel. Text shall be in English. Safety signs shall be in accordance with applicable national
regulations and normal international practice.
Normally-unmanned buildings, such as the LERs, shall be provided with emergency signs at all
entrances. Emergency signs shall be provided to inform personnel of escape routes, emergency
exits and the location of fire-fighting equipment.
All emergency signs shall be illuminated by one of the following means:
- Directly by the provision of emergency lighting;
- Self-powered luminescent;
- Photoluminescence.
Rooms or enclosures protected with gaseous fire-extinguishing systems shall be equipped at
their entrance(s) with warning signs located as per Ref. [52] outside the rooms to inform the
personnel of possible extinguishant discharge. This will be in addition to audible and visual
alarms in the protected area to warn of any impending gaseous extinguishant release.
11.6 MEDICAL FACILITIES
The new Inlet Gas Compression Station facility will be located on the existing WAFA Desert Gas
Treatment Plant and use the existing medical facilities for primary health care and emergency
transportation (ambulance).

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 25 / 27
12 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
12.1 GENERAL
The following environmental issues should be considered as a part of comprehensive
assessment and management program that addressed project-specific risks and potential
impacts. Potential environmental issues associated with the new Inlet Gas Compressor Station
project include the following:
- Emissions to Air
- Soil and Groundwater Protection
- Waste Management
- Noise and Vibration
Environmental parameters shall comply only with the limits detailed in the applicable local laws
and Company or recognized International Standards.
12.2 EMISSION TO AIR
The burning of hydrocarbon gas and liquids in flares, gas turbines, power generators and fired
heaters results in emissions of combustion gases to the atmosphere. The combustion products
comprise mainly carbon dioxide, with smaller volumes of nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, carbon
monoxide and, to a lesser extent, particulate matter and methane derived from incomplete
combustion processes.
Even if fugitive emissions are usually small, it can be expected from oil storage tanks, valves,
pipe fittings and instruments. These largely comprise volatile organic compounds (VOCs,
including methane) which are a range of hydrocarbon gases, some of which contribute to
depletion of stratospheric ozone.
Air emission specifications should be considered during all equipment selection and procurement.
The engineering design approach shall be to minimise emissions to air where practicable and
economically feasible. Where emissions are unavoidable the approach shall be to provide, for
point sources, stacks of adequate height to offer good dispersion and to apply good engineering
practice in the choice of materials and equipment in order to minimize emissions. In general:
- The design of arrangements for taking samples of process fluids shall limit the loss of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
- Fugitive losses from valves, flanges, pump seals, etc. shall be limited by good design
and operational maintenance
- Hydrocarbon vapours from emergency relief/equipment depressurization shall be
directed to a flare
- Continuous vents to atmosphere from process equipment shall be avoided (all
discharges from process equipment shall be collected and flared); vents are only
allowed for small relief to depressurize in emergency some packaged equipment.
An environmental impact assessment may be required for new developments and equipment
where the gases and particulate emissions in the atmosphere could have local environmental
impacts of poor air quality.
12.3 SOIL GROUNDWATER PROTECTION
In the petrochemical and oil industries the soil and groundwater pollution is one of the major
environmental concerns when uncontrolled and unconfined hydrocarbon liquids spillages and
escapes occur inside onshore facility.
The design approach to protecting groundwater resources shall be to ensure that all the areas
that could be contaminated by process fluids, chemicals, etc. are served with an appropriate hard
surface and drainage system to prevent contaminated waters or pollutant liquids being dispersed
on the ground and entering the groundwater.

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 26 / 27
Previsions shall be taken to contain any potential hydrocarbons leakage and spillage from the
new facility and to have a system to recovery the liquids for reuse or safely disposed off. Any
potential sources of hydrocarbon spills shall be provided with an adequate drain system to
assure the spills are direct to a safe location where can be retained and either recovered or
disposed off (Ref.[33]).
12.4 WASTE MANAGEMENT
Sources of sludge and solid wastes during construction, pre-commissioning, commissioning and
operation activities are likely to include:
- Scrap metals and wood;
- Waste drums;
- Waste oil and chemicals;
- Special wastes (e.g. radiographic materials used during weld checks).
The site organization and the design of the process shall be optimized in order to minimize
waste production. Non-hazardous waste material may be stored for a short period in a specific
temporary storage before disposal.
Non-hazardous wastes shall be stored and collected in a way that prevents:
- vermin breeding and harbourage;
- hazards to workers, users and the public;
- air, water and soil pollution;
- objectionable odours, dust, unsightliness and nuisance conditions;
- corrosion or wear of storage containers and accidental spillage;
- leakage during storage or transport.
Non-hazardous storage areas shall be sited taking into account the following considerations:
- maximization of distance from domestic areas;
- avoidance of flood areas;
- minimization of wind exposure;
- minimization of sun exposure.
Hazardous waste can be temporarily stored on-site, but specific facilities for final disposal shall
be located taking into account the characteristics of the hazardous waste.
Hazardous waste shall not be allowed to accumulate at the storage sites. Quantities stored shall
be kept to the minimum. Hazardous waste shall be stored in a suitably designed reception
facility with impervious flooring, roofing, and suitable drainage control; these waste materials
shall be moreover stored in a separate storage areas specifically dedicated for this purpose.
All hazardous waste shall be stored in tightly closed, leakage proof containers made of, or lined
with, materials that are compatible with the hazardous waste to be stored.
Special precautions shall be taken to treat surface run-off from this area and also for the
disposal of fire water.
Materials shall be stored in good order, with labels. In particular, containers shall be marked with
clearly identifiable labels to accurately describe their contents, chemical and commercial
denomination, type and degree of hazard.
Different categories of hazardous waste, such as reactive, flammable, acidic corrosive and
caustic corrosive materials, shall not be stored/ placed in the same storage/containers area and
they shall be segregated separately.
The first preference for the disposal of all solid hazardous wastes shall be to recycle by
returning the materials to the original vendor or to a reclaimer for commercial regeneration.
When no market or capability exists for a given waste, the waste shall be sent to an offsite
disposal facility.

LIBYAN BRANCH
(BNT)
3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001
WAFA DESERT PLANT
Rev. D01
Sheet 27 / 27
Solid waste generated onshore would most likely be disposed of to a licensed waste disposal
facility. Any other disposal method, such as local landfill, will require a Waste Management
Licence from the local Environment Agency/Authorities. Usually it is only likely to be of
significance during the construction and abandonment phases of a facility, since during normal
operations waste volumes will be small and will most likely be disposed of to a licensed landfill
site. However, all acts of waste disposal shall be subject to scrutiny and authorisation by the
local Environment Agency / Authorities and according to the facility internal environmental
standards and requirements.
Waste identification, handling, storage and disposal shall comply with the site Waste
Management System in accordance with the existing Mellitah document OO-AS-E-02002-10
(Waste Management) (Ref. [13]) which would be reviewed and confirmed in this phase of the
Project.
12.5 NOISE AND VIBRATION
The main sources of noise and vibration pollution from hydrocarbon installations are likely to
emanate from:
- mechanical equipment and associated activities during construction, such as
excavations and piling;
- from flaring, venting, control valves and rotating equipment during operations.
Construction noise shall be monitored, assessed and controlled to ensure facility site and local
noise limits are not exceeded. Noise levels shall be limited throughout the installations to:
- Minimize the risk of hearing damage to personnel
- Ensure alarms are audible.
The acoustic environment inside the plant area shall be monitored in order to identify restricted
areas where warning signs, access restriction and/or use of ear protectors shall be provided to
safeguard operator's health.
Hand arm vibration (HAV), basically associated to the excessive use of powered hand tools, and
whole body vibration (WBV) associated to factors such as the industrial construction vehicles
driving, poor posture and heavy lifting, are the causes of significant ill health.
Where excessive vibration exposures are exceeded, it is required to establish good practice
controls which can help to eliminate or reduce vibration risk as reasonably as practicable or
identify alternative methods for specific high risk activities. Where vibration risks remain, it is
required to look for evidence that the risks are being managed adequately and that suitable
health surveillance is in place.

3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001_REVD01 HSE PHILOSOPHY.pdf

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to 3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001_REVD01 HSE PHILOSOPHY.pdf

Similar to 3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001_REVD01 HSE PHILOSOPHY.pdf (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

3426-360-K-RP-BNT-00001_REVD01 HSE PHILOSOPHY.pdf