The document discusses large scale manufacture of emulsions and suspensions. It describes various equipment used such as ball mills, fluid energy mills, cutter mills, and colloidal mills. Quality control tests are outlined for suspensions and emulsions which evaluate parameters like sedimentation volume, rheology, zeta potential, particle size distribution, and response to stress conditions. Colloidal mills are explained in detail. They work by applying shear between a rotor and stator to reduce particle sizes down to 3 microns. Colloidal mills are commonly used to produce suspensions, emulsions, and other products in industries like pharmaceuticals, food, chemicals.

1. Large scale manufacture of
emulsions & suspensions
Layout
Equipments
Collidal mill
QC for suspension /emulsion

2. Equipments for Suspension
• Ball mill
• Fluid energy mill
• Cutter mill
• Hammer mill
• End runner mill
• Collidal mill

3. QC Suspension
• Sedimentation volume (Vu/V0)
• Rheological test (Brookfield)
• Electrokinetic test (Electrophoresis)
• Zeta potential
• Particle Size distrubution
• Photo microscopy (Coulter counter)
• Sp Gravity
• Drug content uniformity (assay)
• Redispersibility (simulated human arm shaker)

4. Equipments for emulsion
• Agitators
• Mechanical mixers
• Collidal mill
• Homogenizer
• Ultrasonic Devices

5. QC emulsion
Stress conditions
• Ageing and Temperature (40-450C)
• Centrifugation (3500 rpm)
• Agitation
Physical Parameters
• Phase Seperation
• Viscosity

7. General Layout

8. Colloidal mill
• The colloidal mill is used in
the reduction of the particles
or solid materials which are
present in the suspensions
or emulsion.
• The shearing is the
mechanism in the colloidal
mill.
• By the stator and the rotor
present in the cylindrical
vessel of the colloidal mill
the shearing take place and
the reduction of the particles
takes place

9. Basic parts
• It consists of an inlet hopper which is used to
feed the material into the mill.
• It consists of a rotor and stator which are used
to reduce the particles size by applying the
shearing force.
• It consists of an outlet which is used to
discharge the reduced particles.

10. Construction
• A colloidal mill consist of a high speed rotor and a
stator with a conical milling surfaces between
• Which is an adjustable clearance ranging from
0.002 to 0.03 inches.
• The rotor speed is 3000 to 20,000rpm.
• The material to be ground should be pre milled as
finely as possible to prevent damage to the
colloidal mill.
• Rotors and the stator may be smooth surfaced or
rough surface. With the rotor and the stator there
is a thin uniform film of material between them and
it is subjected to the maximum amount of shear.
• Rough surfaced mill add intense eddy current,
turbulence and the impaction of the particles to the
shearing action

11. Principle
• Colloidal mill works on the principle of rotor-
stator.
• The size reduction is affected due to shearing,
when the material is passed between the narrow
gap of milling surfaces of rotor and stator.
• The high levels of hydraulic shear applied to the
process liquid disrupt structures in the fluid.
• Higher shear rates leads to smaller droplets of 1
micron.
• Based on a rotor rotating at high speed and very
close to a conical stator, the particle size is
done by modifying the gap between the rotor
and the stator.

12. Working
• The material is placed into the mill though the
inlet hopper.
• It is then passed through the narrow gap
between the rotor and stator and thus reduced
the fine particle size.
• A colloid mill is a hydraulic shear producing
device. A rotor turns at high speeds of 3000 -
20000rpm
• The colloid mill works to reduce the size of the
suspended droplets.
• The mill allows the solid particles to become so
small.

13. Collidal mill

14. APPLICATIONS
The main use of a colloid mill is the dispersion of solid particles within a liquid.
• It is used to reduce the particle size in suspension in a liquid or to reduce the
droplet size of a liquid suspended in another liquid.
• By applying high levels of hydraulic shear to the process liquid the reduction is
done.
• It is frequently used to increase the stability of suspensions and emulsions.
• It is used for the formation of the efficient emulsification, homogenization,
dispersion and mixing during the course of cutting, milling and shocking with high
frequency.
• Colloidal mill is utilized in a number of industries including, food and
beverage, pharmaceuticals and chemicals.
• Colloidal mill is ideal for small, medium and large scale tablet batching
systems. The colloid mill is the most efficient system for dispersion and
homogenization of raw material.1-6
• It is mainly used in pharmaceutical purpose for the preparations colloidal
dispersions, suspensions, emulsions and ointments.
• Particles size of as small as 3 microns can be obtained by the colloidal mill.
• Fibrous materials can be milled using rough surfaced rotor and stator.
• Colloidal mill can be sterilized.
• So it can be mainly used in the production of the sterile products.

15. Filling and packaging of
pharmaceutical suspension