Black Holes ppt The Game!

4.  A black hole is a great amount of matter packed in a very small area.
 A black hole is a region of space in which the gravitational field is so
powerful that nothing, including electromagnetic radiation such as
visible light, can escape its pull - a kind of bottomless pit in space-time.
 The strong gravity occurs because matter has been pressed into a tiny
space.This compression can take place at the end of a star's life. Some
black holes are a result of dying stars.
 It is "black'' in the sense that not even light can escape.Another way to
say it, is that a black hole is an object for which the escape velocity (the
velocity required to break free from an object) is greater than the speed
of light -- the ultimate "speed limit'' in the universe.

5.  1686-87- Sir Isaac Newton described laws of
gravity in his publication, "Principia.“
 November, 1783 - John Michell conjectured
that there might be an object massive enough to
have an escape velocity greater than the speed of
light.
 1796- Simon Pierre Laplace predicted the
existence of black holes.

6.  November 25, 1915 - Albert Einstein
published the Theory of General Relativity, which
predicted spacetime curvature.
 1916– German astronomer and military officer Karl
Schwarzchild used Einstein'sTheory of General
Relativity to define a black hole. Defined gravitational
radius of black holes, later called the Schwarzchild
radius.
 1926- Sir Arthur Eddington, a relativity expert who,
along with Einstein, opposed black hole theory.

7.  1939 - Robert Oppenheimer and Hartland Snyder
predicted that massive stars can collapse into black holes.
 1967 – American astronomer John ArchibaldWheeler
coined the term, "black hole.“
 1970 - Cygnus X – 1, the first good black hole candidate
that astronomers found.
 1974– Prof. Stephen Hawking showed that black holes may
not be black after all:They may emit a form of radiation that
will eventually cause them to evaporate.

8.  According to theory, there might be several types of
black holes, but two of them are more common:
stellar black holes and supermassive black holes –
depending on their mass.
 The smallest ones are known as primordial black
holes. Scientists believe this type of black hole is as
small as a single atom but with the mass of a large
mountain.

9.  A black hole is usually formed when a massive star –
about 8-10 solar masses collapses or dies under its
own gravity.
 Stellar Black Holes: It forms when a massive star
runs out of nuclear fuel and collapses under its own
weight or gravity (supernova).
 An Intermediate-mass black hole: Mass of
such hole varies from a few tens to a few millions of
the mass of the Sun. It is not clear how such a black
hole would form.

10.  Supermassive Black Holes: These types are the
biggest of them all. Scientists believe that these black holes, which
occupy the center of a galaxy, increase in size as they pull in more
and more material from the dense core of the galaxy. Unlike the
outer parts of the galaxies, the inner region is crowded with stars,
and this creates favorable conditions for the supermassive black
holes to grow.The size of these black holes are in the order of
hundred thousand solar masses.
 Miniature Black Holes: It is believed to have formed
during the Big Bang and there is no evidence to substantiate its
possible existence during the evolution of the universe.The mass
of such black holes would have been considerably smaller than
that of the Sun and they only formed due to the extreme external
pressures during the Big Bang that compressed the mass to create
the singularity.

12. 5.PARTS OF A BLACK HOLE:
The singularity: This
is the region of the black hole
where all the mass of the black
hole has been compressed down
to nearly zero volume. As a result
the singularity has almost infinite
density and creates an enormous
gravitational force.
The Event Horizon:
This is the "point of no
return". Any object, even
light, that is within this
radius cannot escape the
gravitational pull of the black
hole.

13.  The Schwarzschild Radius: This is the event
horizon's radius. It is the radius at which the escape velocity
is equal to the speed of light, This radius depends on the
mass of the black hole. For a black hole as massive as the
Sun, the radius is about two miles (3 km). For every extra
solar mass, the radius increases by two miles.
R = 2GM/c2
R= Schwarzschild radius
G= Gravity constant
M= Mass of black hole
C= Speed of light

14.  The Accretion
Disk: This is a disk composed
of stellar material that is spiraling
towards that black hole.
 The Ergosphere: If
the black hole is rotating, then
as it spins, its mass causes the
space-time around the black
hole to rotate as well.This region
is called the ergosphere.

15. Black holes don't give off light, so we can't just look for
them. However, astronomers can find black holes by
observing the gravitational effects on other objects nearby.
 Rotating stars: Many stars rotate around each other,
much as the planets orbit our Sun.When astronomers see a
star circling around something, but they cannot see what
that something is, they suspect a black hole or a neutron
star.

16.  X-rays: Astronomers can discover some black holes because they
are sources of X-rays.The intense gravity from a black hole will pull in
dust particles from a surrounding cloud of dust or a nearby star. As the
particles speed up and heat up, they emit X-rays. So the X-rays don't
come directly from the black hole, but from its effect on the dust around
it. Although X-rays don't penetrate our atmosphere, astronomers use
satellites to observe X-ray sources in the sky.
 Falling Matter: Astronomers can observe matter falling into a
black hole for additional evidence of its existence. When matter is pulled
into a black hole, it forms a disk shape around the black hole that can
become incredibly hot.This energy can be detected by traditional
observation methods like X-rays.

17.  Yes, they do! Perhaps “evaporate” is a more suitable
word in this case.The process by which black
holes evaporate is called Hawking radiation, or
sometimes, Bekenstein-Hawking radiation.
 Since nothing can escape from the gravitational force of a
black hole, it was long thought that black holes are
impossible to destroy. But we now know that black holes
actually evaporate, slowly returning their energy to the
Universe.The well-known physicist and author Stephen
Hawking proved this in 1974 by using the laws of quantum
mechanics to study the region close to a black hole horizon.

18.  You will die!
 It's safe to say you wouldn't survive the trip, so stay on the side of the
Event Horizon if you ever want to be seen again.
 Death will happen even before hitting the singularity which is at center of
Black Hole. Strong gravitational field around Black Hole will stretch and
squeeze your body (described in picture below) such that you fall apart
dramatically!

20.  "SoonWe will show them Our Signs in the
(furthest) regions (of the earth), and in their
own souls, until it becomes manifest to them
that this is theTruth. Is it not enough that
thy Lord doth witness all things?" - (Al-
Qur’an)

21. Among the many scientific miracles that are mentioned inThe Holy
Quran is the black hole.
Allah says inThe Holy Qur’an:
“I swear by the (stars) receding/invisible/veiled,
the running, sweeping (stars).” – (Qur’an
81:58)
The Holy Qur’an mentions the black holes in the following
holy verse by its very specific characteristics; these are:
 They are running stars.
 They are veiled or receded.
 They are sweeping stars.

22.  The star receding or invisible here is the black hole,
because light can’t escape the gravity of the black
hole, so it is invisible or black as scientifically known.
 The Holy Quran describes this star by the word
“running”. It’s scientifically known that the black
star rotates around itself more than one thousand
times a second. Also in the same the black hole is
described by the word “sweeping”.

23. Black holes are “black,” i.e. veiled from direct observation. As well
as depictions of the Day of Judgment, the verse below may also be
pointing to this scientific discovery about black holes:
 “When the stars are extinguished” - (Qur'an,
77:8)
 "Consider the LOST STARS“ - (Qur’an, 56:75)
 In Surah At-Tariq, Allah says – “And [I swear] by
Heaven and theTariq! And what will convey to
you what theTariq is?The Star Piercing [the
darkness]!” (Qur'an, 86:1-3)

24. It is well known that stars change their nature as they age till they die,
among the endpoints of stars is the black hole. Allah says in the Holy
Qur’an what means:
 “And call not, besides God, on another god.There
is no god but He. Everything (that exists) will
perish except His own Face.To Him belongs the
Command, and to Him will ye all be brought back.“
- ( Al-Kasas:88)
The Holy Qur’an (The Main Book) holds every bit of information about
everything:
 “Certainly there is no hidden thing in either heaven
or earth which is not inThe Clear Book.” - (Qur’an,
27:75)