American civilization started a year. It's one of the good I missed the links. This is not exactly but its 80% covered if anything added just give me the comments below Thank you.

1. AMERICAN
CIVILIZATION
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2. Geography and Early Cultures
▪ The landforms and climate of the Americas
affected farming and the development of early
cultures.
• The geography of the Americas is varied with a
wide range of landforms.
• The first people to arrive in the Americas were
hunter-gatherers.
• The development of farming led to early
settlements in the Americas.

3. The geography of the Americas is
varied with a wide range of
landforms:
▪ Two continents—North America and South
America—make up the region called the Americas.
▪ These two continents have a wide range of
landforms and climates.

4. America
North America South America

5. AMERICA
NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA
• Mountains, desert plateaus,
grassy plains, and forests
• Cold and icy in the northern part
of the continent
• Warmer temperatures toward
the south
• Mesoamerica includes the
southern part of what is now
Mexico and the northern countries
of Central America.
• Rain forests
• Very fertile soil for
domesticating plants
• Andes mountains, deserts, and
rich fishing waters

6. Farming and the Growth
of Other Civilizations
▪ The development of farming was important in the growth of
civilizations all over the Americas.
▪ The first major civilization in the Andes was the Chavin culture.
▪ People like the Chavin began growing maize, beans, and
potatoes.
▪ People learned to choose fertile soil to farm and to use rivers to
irrigate their crops.
▪ Steady food sources led to population growth in these regions.

7. Early America(16th century)
Later, the arriving European settlers discovered the
existence of extensive civilizations. In the southern
reaches of North America (present-day Mexico and
Central America)
The Mayan civilization built sophisticated stone
structures, developed an advanced numerical
system and maintained extensive agricultural
complexes.
The Aztecs established a far-reaching empire that
controlled much of present-day Mexico.

8. Mayan civilization

9. In the northern portions of North America the
early native peoples are commonly divided
into the following regional groups:
▪ The EasternWoodland culture was located in thedrainage area of
the Mississippi River east to theAtlantic Ocean and south from the
Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.Various groups of mound
builders existed in this region.
▪ The Plains culture existed on the open expanses of present-day
Canada and the United States.
▪ The Southwest culture occupied areas in present-day northern
Mexico and the southwestern United States. Notable within this
grouping were the Pueblo societies in present-day New Mexico
andArizona.
▪ The FarWest culture ranged from the Rocky Mountains to the
Pacific Ocean.
▪ The Northwest culture inhabited the coastal regions of the
northwestern United States and western Canada
▪ The Subarctic culture stretched across Canada north of the Great
Lakes and south of theArctic tree line, and across much of Alaska
▪ The Arctic culture occupied the treeless expanses in the extreme
northern portions of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland

10. ▪ Europe lacked the technological skills and
motivation to immediately follow theVikings into
the NewWorld. Conditions changed, however,
during the 1400s. Portugal emerged as the first
nation-state to engage in an organized effort to
reach the lucrative Far Eastern markets by means
of an all-water route.
▪ Next, Spanish exploration of the New World
followed the voyages of Christopher Columbus,
1492-1504. Settlements were established in the
hope of finding mineral wealth,

11. ▪ England and France followed Spain into the Americas in the early 17th
century, later to be joined by
▪ Northern European interest in exploration was fueled by the search for a
Northwest Passage. Later, attention was turned to the establishment of
permanent colonies.The English failed in an effort at Roanoke Island in the
1580s, but succeeded at Jamestown in 1607. In 1620, a Pilgrim colony was
established at Plymouth in present-day Massachusetts, followed in 1630 by
the Puritan colony of Massachusetts Bay.
▪ The ultimate failure of the relationships was seen in the Pequot War (1637)
and King Philip’sWar (1675-76).
▪ Holland and briefly Sweden.

12. The history of settlements in this country may be divided into four
phases:
HISTORY OF SETTLEMENTS
Colonial Era Era Of Growth and expansion Era Of Great Metropolis Present Era
(1600-1800) (1800-1870) (1870-1940) (1940-Present Days)

13. COLONICAL ERA
(1600-1800)
▪ This is marked with the formation of a chain of
settlements along the east coast.
▪ The English settled in Jamestown,Virginia in 1607,
which established a pattern.
▪ Other cities were Boston, Newport and
Amsterdam in the Manhattan Island, which was
named NewYork in 1664.

14. COLONICAL ERA
(1600-1800)
Washington D.C.
▪ Asite was selected for the capital city near the
River Potomac where French designer L’ Enfant
was commissioned to prepare a plan.

15. Washington D.C

16. COLONICAL ERA
(1600-1800)
Philadelphia
• It was planned byWilliam Penn
andThomas Holme in 1682
and showed GRIDIRON
pattern with two main streets.
Broad Market bisected the
plan and intersected at the
public square in the centre of
the town.
• A square block park was
placed in each of the four
quadrants.

17. ERA OF GROWTH AND EXPANSION
(1800-1870)
▪ The tremendous economic potential of this new region
captured the interest of business leaders in established
cities.
▪ Economic gain was the major objective of the urban
growth of the early 19th century.
▪ Jefferson believed that cities represented “ulcers on the
body politics”.
▪ Unparallel growth of cities between 1820 and 1860
gave rise to hostility between the North and the South.
▪ The CivilWar in 1861 was a result of confrontation
between urban and rural, industrial and agricultural
values.

18. ERA OF GREAT METROPOLIS
(1870-1940)
▪ Discovery of iron frame, steel structure and Otis
elevators which changed the face skyline of
American city.
▪ Development of suburbs helped siphon of the
incredible population growth of the era between
1870 and 1920
▪ Quality of life problems in rapidly expanding
industrial cities were not limited to housing.

19. ▪ City Beautiful Movement In 1893
▪ Started – Centre was Beaux Arts in Paris
▪ A City that would be big, broad and beautiful in
contrast to the cities, which are cramped, monotonous
and ugly.
▪ ‘Make no little Plans’- was the move.The plans were of
colossal scale with monumental proportions that put
the visions of past Kings to shame.
▪ Open space landscaped in the traditional fashion,
fountains distributed about plazas and gardens, limited
number of public buildings at vista points.

20. AMERICAN CITY TODAY
(1940-PRESENT)
▪ Development of electric power and automobile,
telephones, computer technology helped in
decentralization of the urban area.
▪ The industrial districts of central cities reducing the
tax base.
▪ Concept of MSA originated with the Bosh-Wash
corridor being the first American megalopolis.
▪ Sunbelt cities were warmer, cheaper and offered
more jobs.

21. Thank you
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