the ppt shows the inner images of components of laptop along with their functions. which can help beginners to understand the working of laptop. and how could they modify it.

1. Components of laptop

2. Processor

3. • The processor, also known as the CPU, provides the
instructions and processing power the computer needs to do its
work.
• The more powerful and updated your processor, the faster your
computer can complete its tasks. By getting a more powerful
processor, you can help your computer think and work faster.
• a processor, is located inside the computer case on the
motherboard.

4. BIOS chip

5. • A BIOS chip enables a computer to properly initialize the startup
process. The BIOS allows the hardware inside the computer to
properly communicate and work together during startup.
• A BIOS Chip is mainly located on the corner or edge of a
motherboard near the coin cell socket known as the CMOS
(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) Memory. CMOS
Memory is contained inside the SuperIO/SMC, and serves as
an adapter between the BIOS and the rest of the computer
hardware as it stores BIOS settings

6. CIMOS chip

7. CIMOS chip is used to manage the time and date. When sometime it is
changed. It manage the current date and time.
Find the CMOS battery, which is located on the right side of the
motherboard. It will look like a quarter

8. ROM

9. • ROM (read-only memory) is a non-volatile memory type. This
means it receives data and permanently writes it on a chip, and
it lasts even after you turn off your computer. The data is coded
to not be overwritten, so it's used for things like your printer
software or your startup programs. You can't change your ROM
data just by doing ordinary computer activities.
• In fact, you can’t actually directly access data stored in the
ROM. If you need data from the ROM, you must first transfer it
to the RAM, where your processor can then access it.

10. RAM

11. • RAM is unique in that it delivers data quickly to the user, and it
can store more data than ROM. It's a quiet, energy-efficient type
of memory with no moving parts. If you need to change data,
store new data, or add data to your computer (in the form of
files, such as music or new programs), you’ll need RAM to do it.
• 1. EXPANDS
• You can expand your RAM by adding more to your motherboard
as long as you have the necessary DIMM slots. It’s one of
the easier ways to upgrade your computing experience, too. If
you’ve heard the phrase "add a stick of RAM," this is what they
were talking about.

12. Hard disc

13. • A hard drive or hard disk drive (HDD) is a type of data storage
device that is used in laptops and desktop computers. An HDD
is a “non-volatile” storage drive, which means it can retain the
stored data even when no power is supplied to the device.

14. Aux cord

15. • An aux cord or auxiliary cord is a cord that allows your phone,
computer, tablet, mp3 player, or whatever device you have with
a headphone jack to connect with another device with an
auxiliary port such as your car stereo, headphones, television,
or home stereo!

16. Auxilary

18. Serial port

19. • The serial port is found on the back of the computer and is part
of the motherboard. With the introduction of USB, FireWire, and
other faster solutions serial ports are rarely used compared to
how often they've been used in the past. Also, many new
computers and laptops no longer have a serial port.

20. SSD

21. Solid-state drives (SSDs) are the most common storage drives
today. SSDs are smaller and faster than hard disk drives (HDDs).
SSDs are noiseless and allow PCs to be thinner and more
lightweight. Hard disk drives (HDDs) are more common in older
devices.

22. Power supply

23. • While on Laptops, they are external and incorporated into your
Laptop charger/ Power brick. The power supply routes power to
the motherboard, which then distributes it to the other
components in your computer (display, CPU, battery, etc.)

24. Parallel port

25. • A socket on a computer used to connect a printer or other
device via a parallel interface (eight data bits transferring
simultaneously). In the past, the parallel port was widely used
for printers and occasionally for connecting other devices
externally, but was superseded by USB.

26. Biometrics chip

27. • Advice for IT system administrators on using biometric
authentication on smartphones, tablets, laptops and desktop
PCs. Biometrics are biological characteristics of an individual,
such as face or fingerprint, which can be used to verify their
identity.

28. Coaxal cable

29. • Coaxial cables tend to carry signals at a greater distance and
are a good choice for weak signals, due to their layered
protection. There are several types of coaxial cables, which are
classified by the inner copper core diameter and number of
protective sheaths.

30. Usb port

31. Fibre optics

32. data bus

33. South bridge
The southbridge is one of
the two chips in the core
logic chipset on a personal
computer (PC)
motherboard, the other
being the northbridge. The
southbridge typically
implements the slower
capabilities of the
motherboard in a
northbridge/southbridge
chipset computer
architecture.

34. Mother board

35. • A laptop motherboard is the primary printed circuit board (PCB)
inside the laptop that contains the components that make the
computer work.

36. Cd room

37. Floppy disc

38. • Floppy disks store digital data which can be read and written
when the disk is inserted into a floppy disk drive (FDD)
connected to or inside a computer or other device.

39. Network part
Ethernet ports allow
laptops to connect directly
into wired networks. While
Ethernet ports are
becoming less common
on laptops due to the
proliferation of Wi-Fi, a
wired connection via
Ethernet is still the most
reliable way to connect to
high-speed internet.

40. Sound card

41. • It enables users to connect analog speakers, headphones and
microphones to their computer. Most modern computers have a
built-in sound card in the motherboard. Generating audio on
computers is challenging because sound is fundamentally
analog, while computers are digital devices.

42. North bridge
• The Northbridge is the
controller that
interconnects the CPU to
memory via the frontside
bus (FSB). It also
connects peripherals via
high-speed channels
such as PCI Express. The
Northbridge may include
a display controller,
obviating the need for a
separate graphics card.

43. Capacitor

44. • Big capacitors are used in computer power supplies. Tiny
discrete ceramic and tantalum capacitors are built on the
outside of the chip package or surround the chip on the
motherboard. In signal processing, a capacitor and resistor
smooth the spikes and sharp edges from a signal.
• Yes, laptops are going to have capacitors in them. “A capacitor”
would be a bit of an understatement; there will be a lot of
them on a motherboard. Many of these will be smoothing
capacitors to provide a steady power supply. They're a common
source of problems, since electrolytic capacitors tend to leak
over time.

45. Vga card

46. • Integrated graphics cards are located within the
CPU. Dedicated or discrete graphics cards are located on the
motherboard on the PCIe slots. It is highly possible to have both
integrated and dedicated graphics cards on your computer at
the same time as well.
• Integrated graphics cards are located within the CPU. Dedicated or discrete
graphics cards are located on the motherboard on the PCIe slots.
• It is highly possible to have both integrated and dedicated graphics cards
on your computer at the same time as well.

47. Transister
• A laptop processor has
approximately 3 billion
transistors. In addition
to that, the laptop RAM
can add tens of billions
more transistors, as
can video card memory
and SSD storage
devices. Therefore, the
total is measured in
billions, but can vary
widely among laptops.

48. • In the digital world, a transistor is an on/off switch and the
fundamental building block of computer circuitry. Like a light switch
on the wall, a transistor either prevents or allows current to flow
through.

49. Logical gates

50. • A logic gate is a device performing a Boolean logic operation on
one or more binary inputs and then outputs a single binary
output. Computers perform more than simple Boolean logic
operations on input data, and they typically output more than a
single binary digit.

51. Twister table

52. Wifi chip