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1. Value Education and Ethics
Submitted by : Abhishek Mishra
Roll no. : 21BPHN004
Course : B.Sc.(Hons.) Physics
Semester: 4
00
JECRC™
UNIVERSITY
BUILD YOUR WORLD

2. ORGANIC FARMING
n,,organic farming is a system which
• avoids or largely excludes the use
of synthetic inputs (such as
fertilizers, pesticides, hormones,
feed additives etc) and to the
maximum extent feasible rely upon
crop rotations, crop residues,
animal manures, off-farm organic
waste. (USDA, 1980)
"It is a holistic production management system that promotes
and enhances health of agro-ecosystem, including biodiversity,
biological cycles and soil biological activity". (FAO, 2002)
(
f
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3. Religious Documentation ofOrganic farming
Oldest practice 10000 years old, dating back to Neolithic age, practiced by ancient
civilization like Mesopotamia. Hwang Ho basin etc.
Ramayana (All dead things - rotting corpse or stinking garbage returned to eanh
are transfonned into wholesome things that nourish life. Such is the
alchemy ofmother earth - as interpreted by C. Rajagopalachari).
Mahabharata (5500 Mention of Kamadhen~ the celestial cow and its role on human life and
BC) soil fenility.
Knuthilya Mentioned several manures like oil cake, excreta. excreta ofanimals.
Anhashastra (300 BC)
Brihnd-snnhitn (by Described how to choose manures for different crops and the methods of
Varahmihir) manunng.
Rig Veda (2500-1500 Mention oforganic manure in Rig Veda I. 161. IO. 2500-1500 BC, is
BC) Green Manure in Atharva Veda 11 8.3, (I000 BC). In Sukra (IV, V, 94,
I07-112) it is stated that to cause healthy growth the plant should be
nourished by dung.s ofgoat, sheep, cow, water as well as meat. A
reference ofmanure is also made in Vrksayurveda by surpala
(manuscript, oxford~ No 324 B, Six, 107-164)
Holy Quran (590 AD) At least one third ofwhat you take out from soils must be returned to it
implying recycling or post-harvest residue.

4. if
Table: Land area of major countries under organic agriculture (FIBL & IFOAM
2013)
S.No Name of the Country Are■ under Share •;. of total PRODUSER
Ol'l■nlt (ha) •1rtcultur■I ■re■
l. Australia 17151000 4.19 1707
2. Argentina 3191255 2.27 1018
3. USA 2178471 0.64 12880
4. China 2094000 0.94 -
5. SPAIN 1610129 6.47 30502
6. Italy 1317177 10.29 45969
7. France 1060756 3.86 25467
8. Gennany 1060669 6.35 23271
9. Uruguay 930965 6.29 630
10. Canada 869239 1.29 3513
11. Brazil 705233 0.27 12526
12. Poland 661956 4.28 25944
13. UK 567751 3.30 3918
14. Austraia 526689 19.46 21810
I5. India 5JOOOO 0.28 650000
WORLD 43,091,133 0.98 1998592

5. Sir. No State Name
1. Madhya Pradesh
2. Maharashtra
3. Rajasthan
4. Gujarat
5. Uttar Pradesh
6. Orlssa
7. Goa
8. UTTARAKHAND
9. Kamatalca
10. Andhra Pradesh
Total India
Certified cultivated
organic area (ha)
270955
124547
57566
42267
17212
16883
13044
9513
9128
6070
600000
Source: APEDA

6. Main Crops organically grown in
India
Cereals Paddy, Wheat, Maize
Pulses Redgram, Blackgram.
Greengram,
Bengalgram
Spices Candamon, Black
pepper, Ginger,
Turmeric, Clove, Vanila
Vegetables Okra, Brinjal. Tomato,
Potato, Onion, Garlic
Fruits
Commodity
Cash Crop
Mango, Banana,
Pineapple, Grape,
Orange, Cashewnut
Tea, Coffee.
Cotton

7. Difference between conventional fanning and organic farming
Conventional Fanning Organic Fanning
• Il is based on ccono1nical • It is based on ecological
oricnlation. orientation.
• Supplementing nutrients • Cycle ofnutrients within the
through chemical fertilizers farms; predominantly farm
produced materials
• Vccd conlrol by herbicide • Vccd control by crop rotation and
cullural practices
• Pest control by pesticide • Pest control based on non-
polluting substances
• Livestock rarely con1bincd • Livestock for production and
health
• Low input: output ratio with • Optimum input: output ratio with
pollution No pollution
• Using up soil fertility often • Maxin1urn conservation of soils,
resulting in erosion nnd soil loss water qunlity and wild life

8. IL-----------1
1
1_ l
_ Why organic farming is necessary? _
► Sustainable and eco-friendly technology.
► It improves quality, shelf and nutritive value of the farrn
produce.
► It encourages sustainable livelihood of the producers as
well as safeguards consumers health.
► h in1provcs tJ,c physical, chemical and biological health of
the soil.
► Promotes healthy use of the natural resources and
minimizes all forms ofthe pollution.
► Jt enhances and sustains biological diversity vithin the
systcn1.

9. Key characteristics of organic farming
► Relies primarily on local, renewable resources.
► Makes efficient use of solar energy and the production potential
of biological systcn1s.
► Maintains the fertility ofthe soil.
► tvtaximizes recycling of plant nutrients and organic n1atter.
► Does not use organisms or substances foreign to nature.
► Maintains diversity in the production system as Veil as the
agricultural landscape.
► Gives fann animal's life conditions that correspond to their
ecological role and allow them a natural behavior.
► Careful attention to the impact of the farming systcn1 on the
ider cnvironn1ent and the conservation of Vildlife and natural
habitats.

10. IPrinciples of organic farmingI
CAD
Care
Hraltb
,,_fncfplu of
Organic Farming
Falrn~n

11. Four principles
I. Principle of health
• Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance the health ofsoil, plant,
animal, human and planet as one and indivisible.
✓ Healthy soils produce healthy crops that foster the health of animals and
people.
✓ Health is the wholeness and integrity of living systems.
2. Principle of ecology
Organic Agriculture should be based on living ecological systems and
cycles, work with them, emulate them and help sustain them.
This principle roots organic agriculture within living ecological systems.

12. 3. Principle of fairness
Organic Agriculture should build on relationships that ensure fairness Vith
regard to the common environment and life opportunities.
Fairness is characterized by equity, respect, justice and stewardship of the
shared world, both among people and in their relations to other living beings
4. Principle of care
Organic Agriculture should be managed in a precautionary and
responsible manner to protect the health and welJ-being of current and
future generations and the environment.
This principle states that precaution and responsibility are the key
concerns in management, development and technology choices in
organic agriculture.

13. II Types of organic farming ii
~ Pure organic farming : It includes use of organic
manures and biopesticides Vith complete avoidance o
inorganic chemicals and pesticides.
, Integrated Farmin2 : It involves Integrated Nutrient
Management (INM) and Integrated Pest Managcrnent
(1PM).
► Inte2rated Farming Systems : In this type, local
resources are effectively recycled by involving other
components such as poultry, fish pond, mushroom. goat
rearing etc. apart fro1n crop components. It is a low input
organic farming.

14. ~
,______
Objective of organic farming
(l)
Produce food with
higher nutritional
quality
(7)
llow satisfaction
to agricultural
producer
(6)
Wider social and
ecological impact
of fanning system
l (2)
Work with
natural system
-
bjectives
anic Farming
(S)
Avoid Pollution
"I (3)
Maintain and
increase soil
fcrtili!Y
(-')
Use renewable
resources as far
as possible

15. Benefits of organic farming
1. Increase long-term fertility of the soil.
2. It helps in rnaintaining environment health by reducing the
level of pollution.
3. It reduces human and animal health hazards by reducing the
level ofresidues in the product.
4. It helps in keeping agricultural production at a higher level
and makes it sustainable.
5. It reduces the cost of agricultural production and also
improves the soil health.
6. ll ensures optin,um utilization of natural resources for short-
tenn benefit and helps in conserving them for future
generation.
7. It not only saves energy for both animal and machine, but
also reduces risk ofcrop failure.

16. Basic Steps ofOrganic Farming I
Organic fan11ing approach involves folto,ving ti,·c principles: l
l. Conversion of land from conventional management to
organic management
2. Management of the entire surrounding system to ensure
biodiversity and sustainability of the system
3. Crop production with the use of alternative sources of
nutrients such as crop rotation, residue management, organic
manures and biological inputs.
4. Management of weeds and pests by better management
practices, physical and cultural means and by biological
control system
5. Maintenance of live stock in tandem with organic concept
and make them an integral part ofthe entire system

17. Limitations oforganic far1ning in India
► Small land holding
► Poor infrastructure facilities
► Lack oftechnology knowledge
► Convert organic farm
► Neighbouring farmer well co-operate
► Organic material such as animal dung and other crop Vaste
used for fuel purpose
► Organic material are bulky in nature very difficult store and
high price
► City garbage contain heavy n1etal, plastic bags, stones and
needles.
► Bio control agent are available only few selected insect pest.
► Complicated organic certification process and high fees cost
► Higher human population of India.

18. l. Preventive methods
► Weed free crop seed
► Weed free manure
► Clean harvesting and ploughing equipment.
2. Cultural method
► Smother crop
► Cover crop
► Crop rotation
► Optimum plant density and line sowing
► Drip irrigation

19. 3. Mechanical method
► Tillage
► Stale seed bed
► Hand weeding
► Hoeing
► Moving
► Mulching
► Burning
4. Soil solrization
5. Allclopathy
ex : marigold :congress grass

20. I
Conclusions I
From the foregoing discussion, it can
erred that organic farming appears to be
tainable, economic and eco-friendly, sin
ere is no risk of residual toxicity. It improv
ii fertility and yielded quality production.
·tion of compost prepared from farm was
FYM, Neem-cake, biogas slurry, ve
......'Last etc.helps maintain organic matter in
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