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1. Plastics

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What are
plastics?
Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or
semi-synthetic organic compounds that
are malleable and so can be molded
into solid objects.
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There are two types of plastics:
1. Thermoplastics
Plastics which easily get deformed
(become soft) on heating and can be
bent easily are called thermoplastics.
These can be molded into different
shapes again and again by repeated
heating and cooling.
Ex. Polythene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
and polystyrene.
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Thermosetting plastics
Plastics which once molded into a shape
do not become soft on heating and
cannot be molded again are called
thermosetting plastics. These maintain
their shape and size at high
temperatures also.
Ex. Bakelite, melamine and Formica.
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Comparison
• A plastic
Difference Between Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Plastic
Thermoplastic Thermosetting Plastic
Thermoplastics are usually formed by the
addition of polymerization.
Thermosetting plastics are often formed by the
condensation polymerization.
It contains long-chain linear polymers and held
held together by weak Van der Waal forces.
It contains a 3D network structure constructed with
strong covalent bonds.
Usually becomes soften on heating and stiffen on
on cooling.
It does not become soft on heating.
They are expensive. They are cheap.
Thermoplastic is soluble in organic solvents. Thermosetting plastics are insoluble in organic
solvents.
They are usually soft, weak and less brittle in
nature.
They are usually hard, strong and more brittle in
nature.
Can be remolded. They can't be remolded.
An example of thermoplastic is polythene. An example of Thermosetting plastic is Bakelite.

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How is plastic helpful?
Plastic is very useful because it can be colored, melted, shaped, squashed, rolled into
sheets or made into plastics. Plastic also are hygienic and it is not poison to our bodies.
Plastic is used made ropes that are very strong and fishing lines, glues and paints.

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Advantages and disadvantages
• plastics are poor conductors of heat
which makes them suitable for making
handles of cooking vessels.
• plastics are poor conductors of
electricity .so they are used in electrical
appliances
• they are insoluble in water.
• they do not corrode or rust.
Disadvantages
• when plastics are burned, they produce
toxic gases and smoke
• most plastic wastes littering the
roadsides cause disease causing
microorganisms.
• plastics dumped in water bodies pose a
threat to aquatic life
• the toxic substances present in plastics
which are dumped in water bodies can
cause reproductive failure in aquatic
organisms.
Advantages

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PROPERTIES
OF PLASTIC
• They are strong
• They are weather resistant
• They are durable
• They have a dimensional stability
• They are chemical resistant
• They are water resistant

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• Littering of plastics in open spaces creates unhygienic conditions, as it acts as a
breeding ground for insects and mosquitoes that cause diseases like malaria and
dengue.
• Plastics do not undergo degradation, thus, stay in the soil for many years, which
affects soil fertility and degrades the soil quality.
• When plastic artifacts enter the drainage and sewerage system, they block the pipes
and the drains causing waterlogging.
• The improperly disposed of food bags, when eaten by animals, cause stomach and
intestine related disease which even lead to suffocation and death.
• Plastic items find their way to the river and other water bodies, which are then
swallowed by fish, seabirds, and other marine species, thus leading to suffocation and
death.
• The waste from the plastic manufacturing industry is thrown directly into the water
bodies, thus affecting the chemical property of water, causing hazards on a very large-
scale.
EFFECTS OF PLASTIC
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• Bring your own shopping bag
• Stop buying bottled water
• Choose paper over plastic bottles and bags
• Say no to straws
PREVENTION
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SOME RARE
KNOWN
FACTS
ABOUT
PLASTICS

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HOW ARE
THE DEADLY
PLASTICS
EVEN MADE?

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