BOILER

Water tube boilers
&
fire tube boilers
by
Prof. S. R. Khandagale
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
Khandagale,Dr.JJMCOE,Jaysinpur,Maharash
tra
1

BOILER
Closed vessel or device which produces steam at high pressure by
heating water
boiler heats (vaporizes) working fluid using heating source
Heating source can be
1. Coal
2. Electrical energy
3. Other fuels
Steam bolier working fluid is steam or water
Uses:
1.Power generation
2. Steam generation e.g. steam bath
3.Textile industries
4.Cooking application e.g. ???8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
tra
2

• Components
1. Drum : shell +
(outer surface)
1. Grate
2. Furnace/Fire box
3. Water space
4. steam space
5. Chimney
6. Ashpit
7. Manhole
8. Accessories
9. Mountings
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
tra
3

Classification of Boilers
Following are some(!!!) of the criteria's of classifications
1. Relative position of Hot gases (Fire) and Water
2. Method of firing
3. Pressure of Steam
4. Method of circulation of water:
5. Nature of service to be performed
6. Numbers of water circulations
7. Position and No. of Drums
8. Design of gas passages
9. Nature of Draught
10.Heat Source
11.Fluid Used
12.Material of construction of Boiler Shell
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
tra
4

1.Relative position of hot gas and water
A. Fire tube boiler Tubes contain hot gasses
B. Water tube boiler The tubes contain water
2.Method of firing
A. Internally fired boiler Furnace within shell
B. Externally fired boiler Furnace outside shell
12 Draught
A. Natural draught Air flow achieved naturally
B. Forced draught Air flow achieved Forcefully
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
tra
5

3. Pressure of steam
A. High pressure P > 80 bar (subject to change)
B. Low pressure P < 80 bar
4. Method of circulation of water
A. Natural circulation without pump
B. Forced circulation with pump
5. Heat source
A. Combustion of solid, liquid, or gas
B. Electrical or nuclear energy
C. Hot waste gases of other chemical reactions
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
tra
6

6.Material of construction of Boiler Shells
A. Cast Iron Boilers
B. Steel Boilers
C. Copper and Stainless steel Boilers
7. Nature of service
A. Stationery
B. Mobile
8. Once Through boiler Water circulates only once
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
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9. Position and no. of Drums
A. Single or multidrums
B. longitudinally or crosswise.
10. Design of gas passages:
A. Single pass
B. Return pass
C. Multipass
11.Working fluid used
A. Steam boilers
B. Mercury boiler
C. Other boilers
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
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FIRE TUBE BOILERS
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
tra
9

1.COCHRAN BOILER
Vertical
Fire tube
Multi tubler
Internally fired
Natural circulation
Low Pressure
Efficiency 60 %to 75 %
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
tra
10

2.LANCASHIRE BOILER
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
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11

LANCASHIRE BOILER
 Horizontal
 Fire tube
 Internal fired
 Natural circulation
 Low pressure upto 20 Bar
 High evaporating capacity
 More space area required
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
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3. LOCOMOTIVE BOILER
Horizontal
 Multi Tubular
 Natural Circulation
 Internally fired
 Fire tube
 Portable
For railways
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
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13

WATER TUBE BOILERS
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
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4. BABCOCK & WILCOX BOILER
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
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15

BABCOCK & WILCOX BOILER
Water tube boiler, fixed position
 Horizontal, natural circulation
 Internal or external fired
Evaporative capacity ranges from
20000 to 40000 kg/hr
Operative pressure ranges
from 11.5 to 17.5  bar
 Can handle peak loads easily
 Inspection and maintenance is easy
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
tra
16

STIRLING BENT- TUBE BOILER
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
tra
17

• STIRLING BENT- TUBE BOILER
Bend tubes are provided for free expansion
and contraction.
 Mud drums is of large size than steam drum
 Entire unit is independent of brick work.
 High steam pressures (60bar and 4500c).
 Evaporation capacity up to 50000kg/hr.
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
tra
18

HIGH PRESSURE BOILERS
As pressure increases latent heat decreases
Feature of High Pressure Boilers
Forced Circulation of feed water
 Large no of small diameter tubes  Improved HT
 High pressure and temperature
 Improved method of heating
 Pressurized combustion
 Compactness
 High efficiency
 Once through construction
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
tra
19

BENSON BOLIER
High Pressure (Super critical)Boiler
Drum less (As no latent of
vaporization required)
Water tube
Once through
Forced circulation
High thermal efficiency upto 90%
Light in weight &Quick starting
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
tra
20

La mount Boiler
 High pressure 130 bar
 Forced circulation
Forced circulation to avoid
overheating of tubes
 Drum is used
 High heat transfer rate
 High evaporation rate
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
tra
21

Factors affecting on selection of a boiler
• Steam generation rate
• Type and burning rate of fuel
• and availability of fuel and water
• Floor space occupied by boiler
• Type of load –steady and fluctuating
• Capital & running cost of boiler8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
tra
22

Essentials of a Gooood Boiler?
1. Heat generation capability should be at:
• Required pressure
• Required quality
• Fast speed
• Minimum fuel consumption
2. Economic :
• Low initial cost
• Low installation cost
• Low operating cost
• Low maintenance cost

3. Construction
• Light in weight
• Less amount of brick work
• Occupy small floor area
4.Quick starting.
5.Capable to meet fluctuating demand of steam supply
6. Easy availability of spare parts

POINTS FIRE TUBE BOILER WATER TUBE BOILER
Tubes contains Fire Water
Pressure Low high
Steam generation
rate
low high
Overall efficiency up to 75% upto 90%
load handled steady fluctuating loads
Operating cost less high
Bursting chances less more
Destruction
potentials
Whole boiler Internal parts
Application Small plants large power plants
8/12/2016
Prof.S.R.
tra
25

BOILER

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