1. ‫ا‬ِ‫ال‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫م‬‫ا‬_____________‫:ا‬___________‫اااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااا‬______________‫:ا‬‫يخ‬ِ‫ر‬‫َّا‬‫الت‬
‫ا‬ِ‫وف‬‫ر‬‫ااْل‬‫ج‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫خ‬‫َم‬
‫ا‬‫اْل‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫وف‬ Exits ‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫خ‬‫ا‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ج‬
‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫اء‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫او‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ال‬‫ا‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ة‬
The hollow of the
throat and mouth ‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ال‬‫ا‬‫وف‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ق‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫ااْل‬‫يف‬ِ‫و‬ ‫خ‬‫(اَت‬
)‫ا‬ِ‫م‬‫خ‬‫ف‬‫ال‬‫خ‬‫و‬
‫ه‬ ‫أ‬
The farthest part of the
throat (where the vocal
cords are)
‫ا‬‫خ‬‫أ‬‫ا‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ص‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ىااْل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ِ‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ة‬‫خ‬‫ق‬‫خ‬‫ط‬‫ن‬ِ‫(ام‬
‫ا‬ِ‫ن‬‫ي‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫و‬‫ال‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ِ‫ت‬‫و‬َّ‫الص‬‫ا‬ِ‫ي‬َّ‫ي‬‫ا‬)
‫ح‬ ‫ع‬
The middle of the
throat (where the
epiglottis meets the
back of the throat)
‫ا‬‫خ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫اْل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ِ‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ة‬‫خ‬‫ق‬‫خ‬‫ط‬‫ن‬ِ‫(ام‬
‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ع‬‫خ‬‫ام‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ز‬ِ‫م‬‫اال‬ِ‫ان‬‫خ‬‫س‬ِ‫ل‬
)‫ا‬ ِ‫ق‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫ح‬‫ل‬ِ‫ال‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬‫ل‬‫خ‬‫ااْل‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫د‬ِ‫ال‬
‫خ‬ ‫غ‬
The closest part of the
throat (where the base
of the tongue meets the
soft palate)
‫ا‬‫خ‬‫أ‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ااْل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ِ‫ق‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫خص‬‫أ‬‫(ا‬
‫ا‬ ِ‫ك‬‫خ‬‫ن‬‫خ‬‫ااْل‬‫خ‬‫ع‬‫خ‬‫ام‬ِ‫ان‬‫خ‬‫س‬‫الل‬
)‫ا‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫ح‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬
‫ق‬
Where the farthest part
of the tongue meets
what is opposite it from
the soft palate
‫ا‬‫خ‬‫أ‬‫ا‬‫ق‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ص‬‫ا‬‫ىاالل‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫س‬‫ا‬ِ‫ان‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫اا‬
‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ق‬‫ا‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ِ‫م‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫اْل‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬ِ‫ك‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬‫ا‬‫ح‬‫ا‬ِ‫م‬‫ا‬‫ي‬
‫ك‬
Where the farthest part
of the tongue meets
what is opposite it from
the soft and hard palate
‫اا‬‫خ‬‫ام‬‫خ‬‫ع‬‫خ‬‫ام‬ِ‫ان‬‫خ‬‫س‬‫ىاالل‬‫خ‬‫ص‬‫خق‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ِ‫ك‬‫خ‬‫ن‬‫خ‬‫ااْل‬‫خ‬‫ن‬ِ‫ام‬‫ه‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ق‬‫ي‬
‫ا‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫ظ‬‫خ‬‫ع‬‫ال‬‫خ‬‫او‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬‫ح‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬
‫ا‬ِ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬‫د‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫اال‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫خ‬‫غ‬‫ا‬‫اء‬‫خ‬‫ي‬‫ال‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ج‬
Where the middle of
the tongue meets what
is opposite it from the
middle of the upper
palate
‫ا‬‫خ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫الل‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫س‬‫ا‬ِ‫ان‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫اا‬
‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ق‬‫ا‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ِ‫م‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫س‬‫ا‬ِ‫ط‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫خ‬‫اْل‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬ِ‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ال‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ل‬‫ى‬

2. ‫ض‬
Where either edge of
the tongue (right side or
left side) or both edges
meet what is opposite
them from the top
molar teeth
‫ا‬ِ‫إ‬‫ا‬‫ح‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ىاح‬‫ا‬َّ‫اف‬‫ا‬ِ‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫الل‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫س‬‫ا‬ِ‫ان‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫خ‬‫أ‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ه‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫اام‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫اام‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫اا‬
‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ق‬‫ا‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ه‬‫ا‬ِ‫اام‬‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ال‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ِ‫اس‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫ال‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ي‬‫ا‬
‫ل‬
Where the closest part
of the two edges of the
tongue up until the end
of its tip meets what is
opposite it from the
upper palate
‫ا‬ ‫خ‬‫َل‬ِ‫إ‬‫ا‬ِ‫ان‬‫خ‬‫س‬‫االل‬ِ‫خ‬‫ت‬َّ‫اف‬‫خ‬‫اح‬ ‫خ‬‫ن‬‫خد‬‫أ‬
‫اا‬‫خ‬‫ام‬‫خ‬‫ع‬‫خ‬‫ام‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ف‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫خ‬‫ط‬‫ىا‬‫خ‬‫ه‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫ن‬‫م‬
‫ا‬ ِ‫ك‬‫خ‬‫ن‬‫خ‬‫ااْل‬‫ن‬ِ‫اام‬‫خ‬‫ه‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ق‬‫ي‬
‫ى‬‫خ‬‫ل‬‫خع‬‫ال‬
‫ن‬
Where the tip of the
tongue meets what is
opposite it from the
upper palate along with
a nasal sound from the
nasal passage
‫اا‬‫خ‬‫ام‬‫خ‬‫ع‬‫خ‬‫ام‬ِ‫ان‬‫خ‬‫س‬‫االل‬‫ف‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫خ‬‫ط‬
‫ا‬ ِ‫ك‬‫خ‬‫ن‬‫خ‬‫ااْل‬‫ن‬ِ‫ام‬‫ه‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ق‬‫ي‬
‫ا‬ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫ن‬‫اغ‬‫ه‬‫ب‬ِ‫اح‬‫خ‬‫ص‬‫ي‬‫خ‬‫ىاو‬‫خ‬‫ل‬‫خع‬‫ال‬
‫ا‬ِ‫وم‬‫ش‬‫ي‬‫خ‬‫ااْل‬‫خ‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬
‫ر‬
Where the tip of the
tongue meets what is
opposite it from the
upper palate
‫اا‬‫خ‬‫ام‬‫خ‬‫ع‬‫خ‬‫ام‬ِ‫ان‬‫خ‬‫س‬‫االل‬‫ف‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫خ‬‫ط‬
‫ا‬ ِ‫ك‬‫خ‬‫ن‬‫خ‬‫ااْل‬‫خ‬‫ن‬ِ‫ام‬‫ه‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ق‬‫ي‬
‫ى‬‫خ‬‫ل‬‫خع‬‫ال‬
‫ت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ط‬
Where the tip of the
tongue meets the roots
of the top two
middlemost teeth
‫ا‬‫ف‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫خ‬‫ط‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ع‬‫خ‬‫ام‬ِ‫ان‬‫خ‬‫س‬‫الل‬
‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ااال‬‫خ‬‫اي‬‫خ‬‫َّن‬‫االث‬ ِ‫ول‬‫ص‬‫أ‬
‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ص‬
Where the tip of the
tongue meets what is
above the bottom two
middlemost teeth
‫اا‬‫خ‬‫ام‬‫خ‬‫ع‬‫خ‬‫ام‬ِ‫ان‬‫خ‬‫س‬‫االل‬‫ف‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫خ‬‫ط‬
‫ى‬‫خ‬‫ل‬‫ف‬ُّ‫ااالس‬‫خ‬‫اي‬‫خ‬‫َّن‬‫االث‬‫خ‬‫ق‬‫و‬‫خ‬‫ف‬
‫ث‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ظ‬
Where the tip of the
tongue meets the tips of
the top two middlemost
teeth
‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ع‬‫خ‬‫ام‬ِ‫ان‬‫خ‬‫س‬‫االل‬‫ف‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫خ‬‫ط‬
‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ااال‬‫خ‬‫اي‬‫خ‬‫َّن‬‫االث‬ ِ‫اف‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫خط‬‫أ‬
‫ف‬
Where the inside of the
bottom lip meets the
tips of the top two
middlemost teeth
‫ىا‬‫خ‬‫ل‬‫ف‬ُّ‫االس‬ِ‫ة‬‫خ‬‫َّف‬‫االش‬‫ن‬ِ‫اط‬‫خ‬‫ب‬
‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ي‬‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ااال‬‫خ‬‫اي‬‫خ‬‫َّن‬‫االث‬ ِ‫اف‬‫خ‬‫ر‬‫خط‬‫أ‬‫ا‬‫خ‬‫ع‬‫خ‬‫م‬
‫م‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ي‬‫خ‬‫غ‬‫ا‬‫او‬‫خ‬‫و‬‫ال‬‫ا‬ِ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬‫د‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫ال‬
The lips
‫ا‬‫ع‬‫خ‬‫ام‬ِ‫ي‬‫خ‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫َّف‬‫االش‬‫خ‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬
‫ا‬‫َّة‬‫ن‬‫غ‬‫ال‬
The nasal passage
‫ا‬‫خ‬‫اْل‬‫ا‬‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ش‬‫ا‬‫وم‬